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Serum total\/free testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA\u2010sulfate (DHEA\u2010S), and sex hormone\u2010binding globulin were analyzed in follicular\/luteal phases in eumenorrheic females (EUM,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200918) and in inactive\/active phases in combined oral contraceptive users (COC) (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20098). Fat\u2010free mass (FFM), fat mass, counter movement jump (CMJ), maximal isometric force (\n                    <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), and aerobic capacity (V\u0307O\n                    <jats:sub>2peak<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) were measured across MICT. Androgen concentrations remained stable from baseline to post\u2010intervention. Body composition remained statistically unchanged, while V\u0307O\n                    <jats:sub>2peak<\/jats:sub>\n                    increased by 0.05\u2009L\u00b7min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    from baseline to post\u2010intervention at luteal\/active phase (standardized estimate\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.16,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.046). Baseline DHEA\u2010S was positively associated with changes (\u2206) in FFM\u2010adjusted V\u0307O\n                    <jats:sub>2peak<\/jats:sub>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.31,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.026), and \u2206DHEA\u2010S was negatively associated with \u2206V\u0307O\n                    <jats:sub>2peak<\/jats:sub>\n                    at follicular\/inactive phase (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.55,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.030). Baseline total testosterone (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22121.86,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.042) and DHEA\u2010S (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.36,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.016) were negatively associated with \u2206CMJ at luteal\/active phase. These associations were no longer significant after adjusting for FFM and fat mass. Although baseline androgen levels and their changes were not consistently related to body composition or physical performance changes, DHEA\u2010S concentrations may be associated with endurance training\u2013related changes in V\u0307O\n                    <jats:sub>2peak<\/jats:sub>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.70857","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T04:11:10Z","timestamp":1776226270000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Associations between androgen levels and endurance training\u2010induced changes in body composition and physical performance in premenopausal females"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8529-8824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vera M.","family":"Salmi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4  Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jari E.","family":"Karppinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maarit","family":"Lehti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4  Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heikki","family":"Kyr\u00f6l\u00e4inen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4  Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9428-4689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johanna K.","family":"Ihalainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4  Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Finland"},{"name":"Finnish Institute of High Performance Sport KIHU  Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ritva S.","family":"Mikkonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4  Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Finland"},{"name":"Sports Technology Unit, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4  Vuokatti Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0200465"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421\u2010003\u20100912\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010021\u201089232\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP286803"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1977.sp011975"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"The modifying impact of long\u2010term endurance training on inflammatory cytokine IL\u20101B level and VO2max in premenopausal women with abdominal obesity","volume":"6","author":"Behboudi L.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Jundishapur Journal of Chronic Disease Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports\u20102017\u2010097792"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0015\u20100282(16)47057\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743\u20106109.2011.02380.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2012.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2015.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","first-page":"1451","volume-title":"World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour","author":"Bull F. 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