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Increasingly, individuals return to such conditions after pulmonary infections, raising concerns about potential long\u2010term respiratory consequences. This study aims to investigate the return to SCUBA diving after pulmonary infection, using COVID\u201019 as a model to provide evidence for safe reintegration into extreme environments, with a focus on vascular, oxidative and vascular stress. Twenty\u2010three expert SCUBA divers who had symptomatic COVID\u201019 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Alpha variant) were enrolled as studied group (COV\u201019). None required intensive care, but all showed signs of lung inflammation. A control group (CTR) included nine male divers. They performed three dives at increasing depths (\u221210, \u221220, and \u221240\u2009m). Lung function, nitric oxide derivatives (NOx), exhaled FeNO, oxidative stress biomarkers such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), 8\u2010isoprostante, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and TAC main components (albumin and uric acid),\u00a0inflammatory response indicators including interleukin\u20106 (IL\u20106), IL\u20101beta, and tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha (TNF\u2010alpha) and glycocalyx indexes were measured before and after each dive. No differences in FeNO, NOx, or lung function were observed between groups. However, COV\u201019 divers showed higher ROS, 8\u2010isoprostane, IL\u20106, IL\u20101\u03b2, and TNF\u2010\u03b1 than the CTR divers, suggesting persistent inflammatory alterations. TAC remained unchanged. Significant differences emerged in glycocalyx markers. These results suggest an overall return to normal adaptation to diving after pulmonary infection. However, persistent inflammatory differences highlight the need for caution and personalized evaluation based on disease severity and recovery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.70862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T05:45:23Z","timestamp":1775627123000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Return to an extreme environment exposure after pulmonary infection:\n                    <scp>SCUBA<\/scp>\n                    diving as a model?"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7655-1261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danilo","family":"Cialoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life San Raffaele University of Rome  Roma 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