{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T05:00:19Z","timestamp":1785214819003,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiological Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Brief inhalation of carbon dioxide (CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) has been proposed to counteract transient hypocapnia by enhancing oxygen unloading, vasodilation, and sympathetic modulation. Despite these potential ergogenic mechanisms, CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    has rarely been investigated in the exercise context. The present study investigated whether brief CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    inhalation (iCO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) influences performance and recovery during high\u2010intensity interval exercise. Nine healthy adults completed two randomized, single\u2010blinded crossover trials of repeated cycling intervals at 85% peak work rate until volitional exhaustion or cadence dropped below 60\u2009rpm, with a minimum 2\u2010min interval duration required and 3\u2010min active recovery between bouts. Participants inhaled 5% CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    or room air (15 breaths) before and after each exercise bout. Gas exchange, cardiovascular responses, and perceived exertion were assessed. Total exercise time was similar between trials; however, participants completed more intervals with iCO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . During the first interval, iCO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    increased exercise duration and VO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . At matched exercise time, perceived exertion and dyspnea were lower with iCO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . During recovery, systolic blood pressure was lower and heart rate was higher following iCO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Brief iCO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    improved first\u2010interval performance, altered cardiovascular recovery, and reduced perceptual strain but did not extend overall exercise duration. These findings suggest iCO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    may transiently modulate tolerance and autonomic\u2010vascular responses during high\u2010intensity interval exercise.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.70893","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T04:14:07Z","timestamp":1781928847000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Influence of brief carbon dioxide inhalation on acute exercise performance and recovery: A pilot study"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4931-4460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongwook","family":"Yeo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic Human Integrative and Environmental Physiology Laboratory  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesse C.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic Human Integrative and Environmental Physiology Laboratory  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce D.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic Human Integrative and Environmental Physiology Laboratory  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4250-6504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chul\u2010Ho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic Human Integrative and Environmental Physiology Laboratory  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"Benner A. 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