{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T05:28:52Z","timestamp":1786685332095,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001063","name":"Raine Medical Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001063","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiological Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Steatotic liver disease (SLD) is associated with cardiovascular disease. The\n PNPLA3<\/jats:italic>\n rs738409C>G variant is a genetic determinant of liver fat accumulation. We investigated the association of the\n PNPLA3<\/jats:italic>\n rs738409C>G variant with cardiac structure and function in young adults, stratified by SLD status. Participants underwent genotyping at 17\u2009years and liver and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging at 27\u2009years. SLD was defined as volumetric liver fat fraction >3.55%.\n PNPLA3<\/jats:italic>\n rs738409 was analyzed primarily using a dominant genetic model (CC vs. CG\/GG). Multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate the association between\n PNPLA3<\/jats:italic>\n rs738409C>G and cardiac parameters. Of 657 participants, 38.1% carried\n PNPLA3<\/jats:italic>\n rs738409C>G and 16.4% had SLD. Associations between\n PNPLA3<\/jats:italic>\n rs738409C>G and cardiac parameters were contingent on SLD status, with significant PNPLA3\u2009\u00d7\u2009SLD interactions observed for left ventricular mass index (LVMi;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.009), left ventricular end\u2010diastolic volume index (LVEDVi;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.015), and right ventricular end\u2010diastolic volume index (RVEDVi;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.049).\n PNPLA3<\/jats:italic>\n rs738409C>G was associated with greater LVMi (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.014), LVEDVi (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.005), and RVEDVi (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.040) among individuals with SLD, but not without SLD. In this non\u2010mechanistic observational study,\n PNPLA3<\/jats:italic>\n rs738409C>G was associated with subclinical cardiac remodeling only in the presence of SLD. These hypothesis\u2010generating findings and any potential mechanisms require confirmation in future studies.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.71040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T05:28:26Z","timestamp":1786166906000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Interplay between\n \n PNPLA3<\/i>\n <\/scp>\n genotype, liver steatosis, and cardiac remodeling in young adults: A magnetic resonance imaging study"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7222-7314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nick S. R.","family":"Lan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School The University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Centre of Excellence for Cardiometabolic Health Fiona Stanley Hospital Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"APEX Heart Lab Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip E.","family":"Melton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia"},{"name":"School of Global and Population Health The University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amro","family":"Sehly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School The University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Centre of Excellence for Cardiometabolic Health Fiona Stanley Hospital Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leon A.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School The University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Department of Hepatology Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John K.","family":"Olynyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Curtin Medical Research Institute Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Fiona Stanley Hospital Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oyekoya T.","family":"Ayonrinde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School The University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Fiona Stanley Hospital Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Medical School Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendan","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Envision Medical Imaging Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence J.","family":"Beilin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School The University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trevor A.","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School The University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0717-740X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Girish","family":"Dwivedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School The University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Centre of Excellence for Cardiometabolic Health Fiona Stanley Hospital Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"APEX Heart Lab Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"CardioInnovate Translational Lab Western Australia Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute Sydney New South Wales 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