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We evaluated if VVC differed between individuals with and without MS with similar age\u2010predicted fitness. Individuals with MS (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200920) and without (CON,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200918) underwent VVC measurement before and immediately after a maximal incremental cycle test with peak oxygen consumption (VO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    peak) measurement. VVC was quantified as the ratio of arterial elastance (E\n                    <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                    : end\u2010systolic pressure (ESP)\/stroke volume) to ventricular elastance (E\n                    <jats:sub>LV<\/jats:sub>\n                    : ESP\/end\u2010systolic volume). ESP was assessed with radial applanation tonometry, and cardiac volumes were obtained from apical four\u2010chamber echocardiography. Sex, BMI and VO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    peak were not different between groups. Individuals with MS were older, had higher E\n                    <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and E\n                    <jats:sub>LV<\/jats:sub>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.02), but VVC did not differ between groups. After adjustment for age, the group differences in E\n                    <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                    and E\n                    <jats:sub>LV<\/jats:sub>\n                    remained significant. VVC was similar between individuals with and without MS, before and immediately after maximal exercise. However, individuals with MS had higher E\n                    <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                    and E\n                    <jats:sub>LV<\/jats:sub>\n                    , suggesting higher arterial and ventricular loads. Our data suggest that individuals with MS with similar fitness to controls exhibit higher E\n                    <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                    and E\n                    <jats:sub>LV<\/jats:sub>\n                    with preserved coupling.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.71044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T10:06:20Z","timestamp":1786529180000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ventricular\u2010vascular coupling at rest and immediately following maximal exercise in adults with and without multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2830-4482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brooks A.","family":"Hibner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Physiology Laboratory University of Illinois at Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia S.","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Physiology Laboratory University of Illinois at Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3456-5213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara R.","family":"Sherman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert W.","family":"Motl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Physiology Laboratory University of Illinois at Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julio A.","family":"Chirinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of 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Health Sciences University of Massachusetts Boston  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9393-3018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Fernhall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise and Health Sciences University of Massachusetts Boston  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription","author":"American College of Sports M","year":"2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"423","article-title":"Ventriculo\u2010arterial coupling during aerobic and anaerobic exercise in normal subjects","volume":"20","author":"Asanoi H.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of 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