{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T05:28:49Z","timestamp":1786685329361,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiological Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The adult Langendorff methodology lacks standardization, with inconsistencies in the pH and calcium concentrations of Krebs\u2013Henseleit (K\u2010H) solution. The aim of this study was to clarify these inconsistencies. Adult male Wistar rat hearts were subjected to 40 or 80\u2009min of global ischemia followed by reperfusion. Recovery of left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and triphenyltetrazolium (TTC) staining were evaluated. Ion analysis was performed using rat plasma. A calcium concentration of 1.75\u2009mM was associated with increased contractile force and more severe ischemia\u2013reperfusion injury. The absence of preload resulted in increased variability in the results. LVDP recoveries were high and decreased with longer lengths of ischemia. Rat plasma exhibited higher total calcium and lower albumin levels than humans. The K\u2010H solution forms substantial amount of calcium complexes with bicarbonate, likely due to hypoalbuminemia, which also explains its alkaline nature. Rat plasma calcium activity closely corresponded to the K\u2010H solution with 1.75\u2009mM Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    . These findings indicate that Langendorff perfusion experiments benefit from higher calcium and lower bicarbonate concentrations. Caution is warranted when preparing artificial solutions lacking albumin, as physiological ion concentrations may not correspond to physiological ion activities. Use of preload and longer lengths of ischemia may further improve experimental consistency.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.71053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T04:36:52Z","timestamp":1786423012000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of bicarbonate on ionized calcium and cardiac function in albumin\u2010free Langendorff perfusion in hearts of male rats"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0901-2270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Doul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, Second Faculty of Medicine Charles University  Prague Czech 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