{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T06:18:59Z","timestamp":1787811539954,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]],"date-time":"2026-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016783","name":"University of Pennsylvania Health System","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016783","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiological Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with cardiovascular dysfunction that worsens clinical outcomes, yet the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Clinical studies are limited by heterogeneity, highlighting the need for controlled experimental models. Controlled cortical impact (CCI) provides precise control of injury severity, and invasive pressure\u2010volume (PV) loop analysis allows detailed hemodynamic assessment. Adult male Wistar rats underwent sham operation or mild or severe CCI\u2010induced TBI. PV\u2010loop assessment and transthoracic echocardiography were performed at 8 or 24\u2009h after TBI or sham. Serum epinephrine (EPI) and norepinephrine (NE) were quantified by ELISA. At 8\u2009h post\u2010injury, mild TBI was associated with decreased E\n                    <jats:sub>ES<\/jats:sub>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.013) and increased V\n                    <jats:sub>120<\/jats:sub>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.016), accompanied by qualitative global hypokinesis on echocardiography. Severe TBI demonstrated decreased cardiac output (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.009) and stroke work (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.006), whereas load\u2010independent systolic indices were unchanged. At 24\u2009h post\u2010injury, severe TBI exhibited persistent global cardiac dysfunction. Serum NE and EPI were similar to shams; however, the NE\u2010to\u2010EPI ratio was decreased 8\u2009h after mild TBI (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.042). These findings suggest that TBI is associated with cardiovascular dysfunction that varies with injury severity; however, temporal characterization following mild TBI requires further study. Controlled experimental models provide a valuable platform for elucidating brain\u2010heart interactions after TBI.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.71055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T05:44:08Z","timestamp":1786945448000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hemodynamic characterization of cardiac dysfunction after traumatic brain injury using a controlled cortical impact model in male rats"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3588-3395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Preston","family":"So","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Drexel University College of Medicine  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Iyengar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery 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