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Macrophage\u2013hepatic stellate cell (HSC) communication plays a key role in fibrogenesis; however, how fatty acid species influence macrophage polarization remains unclear. Bone marrow\u2010derived macrophages (BMDMs) were polarized toward M1 or M2 phenotypes in the presence of palmitic acid (PA), oleic acid (OA), or palmitoleic acid (PO). Polarization markers, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and peroxisome proliferator\u2013activated receptor gamma (PPAR\u03b3) expression were analyzed by RT\u2010qPCR, Western blotting, and chemiluminescence. Primary HSCs were exposed to fatty acids or conditioned media from treated macrophages. PA enhanced selected inflammatory macrophage responses and increased ROS production under M1\u2010polarizing conditions. OA enhanced ROS production in M1 macrophages and suppressed several M2\u2010associated markers, whereas PO reduced inflammatory responses and ROS under M1\u2010polarizing conditions. Direct fatty acid exposure did not significantly alter HSC activation markers. Conditioned media from polarized macrophages, particularly M1 macrophages, reduced \u03b1\u2010SMA and cytoglobin protein expression in HSCs, while fatty acid\u2010specific effects were modest and marker\u2010dependent. Fatty acid species differentially modulate macrophage polarization and redox activity, partly in association with PPAR\u03b3 signaling. These macrophage changes may secondarily affect macrophage\u2013HSC communication and stellate cell redox\u2010related responses, providing insight into lipid regulation of immune\u2010stromal interactions in the liver.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.71082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T04:56:44Z","timestamp":1789102604000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fatty acid species differentially regulate macrophage polarization and oxidative stress with secondary effects on macrophage\u2013\n                    <scp>HSC<\/scp>\n                    crosstalk"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Koichi","family":"Nakanishi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepato\u2010Biliary\u2010Pancreatic Surgery Osaka Metropolitan University  Osaka 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