{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T10:43:21Z","timestamp":1789469001104,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiological Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study examined gastrointestinal temperature (T\n                    <jats:sub>GI<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) during and body mass (BM) changes pre\/post the Western States Endurance Run 100 (WSER), a 100\u2010mile ultramarathon in hot conditions. Thirty\u2010nine participants ingested a telemetric pill 30\u201390\u2009min before the WSER start, and BM was measured pre\u2010 and post\u2010race. Environmental conditions were recorded every 30\u2009min at 15 locations along the course. In\u2010race T\n                    <jats:sub>GI<\/jats:sub>\n                    data were obtained from 23 finishers (54%; 7 females; 42\u2009\u00b1\u200911\u2009years), including 2 podium finishers and an additional top\u201010 finisher. Participants finished in 14\u201318\u2009h (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20094), 19\u201325\u2009h (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20096), and 26\u201330\u2009h (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200913). Peak T\n                    <jats:sub>GI<\/jats:sub>\n                    averaged 38.90\u00b0C\u2009\u00b1\u20090.55\u00b0C (range 37.76\u00b0C\u201340.09\u00b0C) with 9 runners exceeding 39\u00b0C and 2 exceeding 40\u00b0C. Faster finish times were associated with higher peak T\n                    <jats:sub>GI<\/jats:sub>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.57,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.004). Seven runners (30%) reached peak T\n                    <jats:sub>GI<\/jats:sub>\n                    in the final 2% of the race. Mean BM change was \u22121.8%\u2009\u00b1\u20093.1% (range \u22127.4% to +6.4%), with no associations observed between BM change and peak T\n                    <jats:sub>GI<\/jats:sub>\n                    or finish time. Ambient temperature ranged 5\u00b0C\u201339.6\u00b0C and was associated with higher T\n                    <jats:sub>GI<\/jats:sub>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.80,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.008). Despite ambient temperatures approaching 40\u00b0C, T\n                    <jats:sub>GI<\/jats:sub>\n                    &gt;40\u00b0C were rare and transient. Faster runners experienced greater thermal strain, likely reflecting higher metabolic heat production and exposure to the hottest course segments. Hyperthermia risk may be highest near the race finish and during the most demanding segments.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.71089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T07:16:43Z","timestamp":1788765403000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gastrointestinal temperature of elite and recreational adult runners during a 100\u2010mile ultramarathon under heat exposure"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9401-6080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lo\u00efs","family":"Mougin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences Loughborough University  Loughborough UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Stennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences Loughborough University  Loughborough UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brett R.","family":"Ely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Health Sciences Providence College  Providence Rhode Island USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baptiste","family":"Morel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interuniversity Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences University of Savoie Mont Blanc  Chamb\u00e9ry France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larry","family":"O'Neill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences Oregon State University  Corvallis Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Esh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences Loughborough University  Loughborough UK"},{"name":"Research and Scientific Support Department Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William M.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences Loughborough University  Loughborough UK"},{"name":"Department of Kinesiology Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA"},{"name":"Adams Sports Medicine Consulting LLC  Colorado Springs Colorado USA"},{"name":"Department of Kinesiology University of North Carolina at Greensboro  Greensboro North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel P.","family":"Longman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences Loughborough University  Loughborough UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard C.","family":"Blagrove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences Loughborough University  Loughborough UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences Loughborough University  Loughborough UK"},{"name":"School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health University of Technology Sydney (UTS)  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Human Performance Research Centre University of Technology Sydney (UTS)  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen A.","family":"Mears","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences Loughborough University  Loughborough 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