{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T10:43:14Z","timestamp":1789468994734,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiological Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Real\u2010world evidence on glucose behavior during competition in highly trained athletes is scarce. We characterized interstitial glucose dynamics in collegiate endurance athletes during sanctioned competitions using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), with within\u2010subject comparisons to high\u2010intensity training performed at the same prescribed race pace. Twenty male runners and race walkers (Tier 3: Highly Trained\/National) wore CGM during 36 races, contributing 20 paired race\u2010versus\u2010training comparisons. Glucose rose from baseline to 8.3\u2009\u00b1\u20091.5\u2009mM 1\u2009h pre\u2010race, peaked at 11.2\u2009\u00b1\u20092.2\u2009mM during competition (mean difference\u2009+\u20093.12\u2009mM, 95% CI +2.72 to +3.53; Cohen's dz.\u2009=\u20091.45), and declined to 6.7\u2009\u00b1\u20091.7\u2009mM post\u2010race (\n                    <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                    (2,220)\u2009=\u2009225.79,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001, partial\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b7<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.67). Within\u2010subject maximum glucose was higher during competition than during training (12.91\u2009\u00b1\u20091.93 vs. 11.02\u2009\u00b1\u20091.18\u2009mM; mean difference\u2009+\u20091.89\u2009mM, 95% CI 1.06\u20132.72; Cohen's dz.\u2009=\u20091.07), with a geometric mean ratio of 1.166 (95% CI 1.088\u20131.249), approximately 17% higher peaks in competition. These findings describe a reproducible pattern of higher peak glucose in competition than in training matched on the recorded external characteristics. Internal exercise load was not measured, so the difference cannot be attributed to the competitive context rather than to differing internal exercise intensity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.71099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T10:46:48Z","timestamp":1788950808000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Interstitial glucose during sanctioned competition and during high\u2010intensity training in highly trained collegiate male endurance athletes: A real\u2010world continuous glucose monitoring study"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6121-9274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taira","family":"Kajisa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science Toyo University  Kawagoe Saitama Japan"},{"name":"SympaFit Inc.  Bunkyo\u2010ku Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiyuki","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Student, Student Support Division Toyo University  Kawagoe Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2018.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajmo.2023.100031"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107645"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.2022-0139"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2023.2174452"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","volume-title":"Daniels' Running Formula","author":"Daniels J.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","first-page":"295","article-title":"Comparison of heart rate methods for prediction of endurance training intensity","volume":"7","author":"Davis J. 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