{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T05:56:50Z","timestamp":1790575010198,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiological Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    To determine the exercise training\u2013induced changes in peak oxygen uptake (V\u0307O\n                    <jats:sub>2peak<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and oxygen uptake kinetics in early and late middle\u2010aged adults with uncomplicated type 2 diabetes (T2D). Fifty inactive adults with T2D (16 females) were stratified into late middle\u2010aged (60\u201370\u2009years) and early middle\u2010aged (37\u201359\u2009years) cohorts and assigned to exercise training or control groups: late middle\u2010aged training (TR\u2010LMA,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200912), late middle\u2010aged control (CON\u2010LMA,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20099), early middle\u2010aged training (TR\u2010EMA,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200917), or early middle\u2010aged control (CON\u2010EMA,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200912). Training groups completed a supervised 12\u2010week aerobic and resistance programme. V\u0307O\n                    <jats:sub>2peak<\/jats:sub>\n                    was assessed during incremental cycling while the time constant of the primary phase of oxygen uptake kinetics (\u03c4V\u0307O\n                    <jats:sub>2p<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), blood pressure, and cardiac output (inert gas rebreathing) were measured during submaximal cycling before and after the intervention. V\u0307O\n                    <jats:sub>2peak<\/jats:sub>\n                    increased and \u03c4V\u0307O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    p decreased (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) in both training groups: TR\u2010LMA (25.6\u2009\u00b1\u20095.7 to 28.2\u2009\u00b1\u20095.3\u2009mL\u00b7kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00b7min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ; 39.8\u2009\u00b1\u20096.5 to 35.0\u2009\u00b1\u20097.3\u2009s) and TR\u2010EMA (25.3\u2009\u00b1\u20095.3 to 28.1\u2009\u00b1\u20095.3\u2009mL\u00b7kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00b7min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ; 43.3\u2009\u00b1\u20099.0 to 33.8\u2009\u00b1\u20098.2\u2009s), with no between\u2010group differences. No changes occurred in CON\u2010LMA or CON\u2010EMA, and cardiovascular responses remained unchanged following training. Combined aerobic and resistance training similarly improved V\u0307O\n                    <jats:sub>2peak<\/jats:sub>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c4<\/jats:italic>\n                    V\u0307O\n                    <jats:sub>2p<\/jats:sub>\n                    in early and late middle\u2010aged adults with T2D. The improvements in V\u0307O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    kinetics appear to occur independently of systemic cardiovascular adaptations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.71107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T08:03:30Z","timestamp":1790323410000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exercise training improves cardiorespiratory fitness and oxygen uptake kinetics to a similar extent in early and late middle\u2010aged adults with type 2 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Catherine","family":"Kiely","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Department of Physiology Trinity College Dublin  Dublin 2 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