{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T15:46:58Z","timestamp":1790351218188,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Psychiatry Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Response time variability (RTV) is consistently increased in patients with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A right-hemispheric frontoparietal attention network model has been implicated in these patients. The 3 main connecting fibre tracts in this network, the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF) and the cingulum bundle (CB), show microstructural abnormalities in patients with ADHD. We hypothesized that the microstructural integrity of the 3 white matter tracts of this network are associated with ADHD and RTV. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p> We examined RTV in adults with ADHD by modelling the reaction time distribution as an exponentially modified Gaussian (ex-Gaussian) function with the parameters \u03bc, \u03c3 and \u03c4, the latter of which has been attributed to lapses of attention. We assessed adults with ADHD and healthy controls using a sustained attention task. Diffusion tensor imaging\u2013derived fractional anisotropy (FA) values were determined to quantify bilateral microstructural integrity of the tracts of interest. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p> We included 100 adults with ADHD and 96 controls in our study. Increased \u03c4 was associated with ADHD diagnosis and was linked to symptoms of inattention. An inverse correlation of \u03c4 with mean FA was seen in the right SLF of patients with ADHD, but no direct association between the mean FA of the 6 regions of interest with ADHD could be observed. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Limitations:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Regions of interest were defined a priori based on the attentional network model for ADHD and thus we might have missed effects in other networks. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p> This study suggests that reduced microstructural integrity of the right SLF is associated with elevated \u03c4 in patients with ADHD. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.140154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,20]],"date-time":"2015-08-20T08:17:19Z","timestamp":1440058639000},"page":"344-351","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Lower white matter microstructure in the superior longitudinal fasciculus is associated with increased response time variability in adults with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Wolfers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"},{"name":"the Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Marten H.","family":"Onnink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel P.","family":"Zwiers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Arias-Vasquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"},{"name":"the Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"},{"name":"the Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martine","family":"Hoogman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanette C.","family":"Mostert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"},{"name":"the Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelis C.","family":"Kan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorine","family":"Slaats-Willemse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"and the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan K.","family":"Buitelaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"},{"name":"and the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Franke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"},{"name":"the Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"b1-jpn-40-344\/b1-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.107.048827","volume":"194","author":"Simon V","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"b2-jpn-40-344\/b2-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.10.020","volume":"57","author":"Biederman J","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"b3-jpn-40-344\/b3-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-012-0138-5","volume":"9","author":"Tamm L","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"b4-jpn-40-344\/b4-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2013.06.001","volume":"33","author":"Kofler MJ","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"b5-jpn-40-344\/b5-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32018","volume":"159","author":"Frazier-Wood AC","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"b6-jpn-40-344\/b6-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2011_145","volume":"9","author":"Kuntsi J","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Top Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"b7-jpn-40-344\/b7-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1080\/09297040500499081","volume":"12","author":"Hervey AS","year":"2006","journal-title":"Child Neuropsychol"},{"key":"b8-jpn-40-344\/b8-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-6918(00)00019-6","volume":"104","author":"Leth-Steensen C","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Psychol (Amst)"},{"key":"b9-jpn-40-344\/b9-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.07.025","volume":"34","author":"Gu S-L","year":"2013","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil"},{"key":"b10-jpn-40-344\/b10-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022155","volume":"25","author":"Epstein JN","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"b11-jpn-40-344\/b11-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2008.06.013","volume":"46","author":"Geurts HM","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"b12-jpn-40-344\/b12-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1080\/09297040802646991","volume":"15","author":"Buzy WM","year":"2009","journal-title":"Child Neuropsychol"},{"key":"b13-jpn-40-344\/b13-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291713001955","volume":"44","author":"Lin HY","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"b14-jpn-40-344\/b14-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2009.01.022","volume":"47","author":"Vaurio RG","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"b15-jpn-40-344\/b15-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-9081-2-30","volume":"2","author":"Russell VA","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behav Brain Funct"},{"key":"b16-jpn-40-344\/b16-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.1940080707","volume":"8","author":"Basser PJ","year":"1995","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"key":"b17-jpn-40-344\/b17-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18060","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4735-11.2011","volume":"31","author":"Fjell AM","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"b18-jpn-40-344\/b18-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.04.028","volume":"186","author":"Moy G","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"b19-jpn-40-344\/b19-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.19.1.88","volume":"19","author":"Williams BR","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"b20-jpn-40-344\/b20-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4779-11.2012","volume":"32","author":"Tamnes CK","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"b21-jpn-40-344\/b21-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1159\/000207492","volume":"31","author":"Makris N","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev Neurosci"},{"key":"b22-jpn-40-344\/b22-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhh186","volume":"15","author":"Makris N","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"b23-jpn-40-344\/b23-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2013.01.010","volume":"52","author":"Lawrence KE","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"b24-jpn-40-344\/b24-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.05.001","volume":"53","author":"van Ewijk H","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"b25-jpn-40-344\/b25-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e3283174415","volume":"19","author":"Hamilton LS","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"b26-jpn-40-344\/b26-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhm156","volume":"18","author":"Makris N","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"b27-jpn-40-344\/b27-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.02.025","volume":"74","author":"Cortese S","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"b28-jpn-40-344\/b28-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2010.07110.x","volume":"31","author":"Konrad A","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"b29-jpn-40-344\/b29-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2757","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20703","volume":"30","author":"Silk TJ","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"b30-jpn-40-344\/b30-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.170","volume":"35","author":"Franke B","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"b31-jpn-40-344\/b31-jpn-40-344_1","author":"Kooij JJS","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adult ADHD: diagnostic assessment and treatment"},{"key":"b32-jpn-40-344\/b32-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329170400337X","volume":"35","author":"Kooij JJS","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"b33-jpn-40-344\/b33-jpn-40-344_1","volume-title":"Gestructureerd klinisch interview voor de vaststelling van DSM-IV as I stoornissen (SCID-I)","author":"Groenestijn MAC","year":"1999"},{"key":"b34-jpn-40-344\/b34-jpn-40-344_1","volume-title":"Gestructureerd diagnostisch interview voor DSM-IV persoonlijkheidsstoornissen (SCID II)","author":"Weertman A","year":"2000"},{"key":"b35-jpn-40-344\/b35-jpn-40-344_1","first-page":"187","volume":"6","author":"De Sonneville L","year":"1999","journal-title":"Computers in psychology"},{"key":"b36-jpn-40-344\/b36-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617709991111","volume":"16","author":"Epstein JN","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"key":"b37-jpn-40-344\/b37-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.20982\/tqmp.04.1.p035","volume":"4","author":"Lacouture Y","year":"2008","journal-title":"Tutor Quant Methods Psychol"},{"key":"b38-jpn-40-344\/b38-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10308","volume":"49","author":"Reese TG","year":"2003","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"b39-jpn-40-344\/b39-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.06.014","volume":"53","author":"Zwiers MP","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"b40-jpn-40-344\/b40-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.02.024","volume":"31","author":"Smith SM","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"b41-jpn-40-344\/b41-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.07.053","volume":"39","author":"Hua K","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"b42-jpn-40-344\/b42-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.12.035","volume":"40","author":"Mori S","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"b43-jpn-40-344\/b43-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2905","volume":"14","author":"Thiebaut de Schotten M","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"b44-jpn-40-344\/b44-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2012.11101521","volume":"169","author":"Cortese S","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"b45-jpn-40-344\/b45-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.08.003","volume":"36","author":"Hart H","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"b46-jpn-40-344\/b46-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2009.05.010","volume":"47","author":"Shinoura N","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"b47-jpn-40-344\/b47-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(94)00217-Q","volume":"37","author":"Carter CS","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"b48-jpn-40-344\/b48-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.11.4.467","volume":"11","author":"Epstein JN","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"b49-jpn-40-344\/b49-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.02.001","volume":"74","author":"ter Huurne N","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"b50-jpn-40-344\/b50-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2011.138","volume":"17","author":"Franke B","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"b51-jpn-40-344\/b51-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2007.05.007","volume":"66","author":"Kaiser S","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Cogn"},{"key":"b52-jpn-40-344\/b52-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2006.04.016","volume":"30","author":"Bora E","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"b53-jpn-40-344\/b53-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.01.078","volume":"53","author":"Kochunov P","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"b54-jpn-40-344\/b54-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2007.05.011","volume":"4","author":"Alexander AL","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"b55-jpn-40-344\/b55-jpn-40-344_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(99)00060-3","volume":"24","author":"Sergeant J","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"}],"container-title":["Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1503\/jpn.140154","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1503\/jpn.140154","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T16:39:53Z","timestamp":1756831193000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/10.1503\/jpn.140154"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1503\/jpn.140154"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/jpn.140154","relation":{},"ISSN":["1180-4882","1488-2434"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1180-4882","type":"print"},{"value":"1488-2434","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]}}}