{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T15:09:03Z","timestamp":1776352143052,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]],"date-time":"2018-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530403200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Psychiatry Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Heightened response to drug-related cues is a hallmark of addiction. Extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) is a US Food and Drug Administration\u2013approved pharmacotherapy for relapse prevention in patients with opioid use disorder (OUD). In these patients, XR-NTX has been shown to reduce brain responses to opioid-related visual stimuli. To assess the biomarker potential of this phenomenon, it is necessary to determine whether this effect is limited to opioid-related stimuli and whether it is associated with key OUD symptoms. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Using functional MRI (fMRI), we measured the brain responses to opioid-related and control (i.e., sexual and aversive) images in detoxified patients with OUD before, during and after XR-NTX treatment. Craving and withdrawal severity were evaluated using clinician- and self-administered instruments during each session. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p> We included 24 patients with OUD in our analysis. During XR-NTX treatment, we found reduced responses to opioid-related stimuli in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC). The reduction in mOFC response was specific to the opioid-related stimuli. The reduced NAcc and mOFC opioid cue reactivity was correlated with reduction in clinician-assessed and self-reported withdrawal symptoms, respectively. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Limitations:<\/jats:title><jats:p> The study was not placebo-controlled owing to ethical, safety and feasibility concerns. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Extended-release naltrexone reduces the NAcc and mOFC cue reactivity in patients with OUD. This effect is specific to opioid-related stimuli in the mOFC only. The reduction in neural response to opioid-related stimuli is more robust in patients with greater decline in withdrawal severity. Our results support the clinical utility of mesocorticolimbic cue reactivity in monitoring the XR-NTX treatment outcomes and highlight the link between opioid withdrawal symptomatology and neural opioid cue reactivity. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.170036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,29]],"date-time":"2018-06-29T13:14:53Z","timestamp":1530278093000},"page":"254-261","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Effects of extended-release naltrexone on the brain response to drug-related stimuli in patients with opioid use disorder"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Zhenhao","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"An-Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa."},{"name":"the Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kanchana","family":"Jagannathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria P.","family":"Fairchild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles P.","family":"O\u2019Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna Rose","family":"Childress","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel D.","family":"Langleben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa."},{"name":"the Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa."},{"name":"and the Corporal Michael J. 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