{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T06:27:11Z","timestamp":1782282431445,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Psychiatry Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Estrogen therapy (ET), an effective treatment for perimenopausal depression, often fails to ameliorate symptoms when initiated late after the onset of menopause. Our previous work has suggested that alternative splicing of RNA might mediate these differential effects of ET. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Female Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were treated with estradiol (E2) or vehicle 6 days (early ET) or 180 days (late ET) after ovariectomy (OVX). We investigated the differential expression of RNA splicing factors and tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) protein using a customized RT2 Profiler PCR Array, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunoprecipitation and behaviour changes in clinically relevant early and late ET. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Early ET, but not late ET, prolonged swimming time in the forced swim test and reduced anxiety-like behaviours in the elevated plus maze. It reversed OVX-increased ( SFRS7 and SFRS16) or OVX-decreased ( ZRSR2 and CTNNB1) mRNA levels of splicing factors and ER\u03b2 splicing changes in the brains of OVX rats. Early ET, but not late ET, also increased the expression of TPH2 and decreased monoamine oxidase A levels in the dorsal raphe in the brains of OVX rats. In late ET, only diarylpropionitrile (an ER\u03b2-specific agonist) achieved similar results \u2014 not E2 (an ER\u03b1 and ER\u03b2 agonist) or propylpyrazoletriol (an ER\u03b1-specific agonist). <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Limitations:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Our experimental paradigm mimicked early and late ET in the clinical setting, but the contribution of age and OVX might be difficult to distinguish. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p> These findings suggest that ER\u03b2 alternative splicing and altered responses in the regulatory system for serotonin may mediate the antidepressant efficacy of ET associated with the timing of therapy initiation. It is likely that ER\u03b2-specific ligands would be effective estrogen-based antidepressants late after the onset of menopause. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.170199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,19]],"date-time":"2018-12-19T10:17:50Z","timestamp":1545214670000},"page":"19-31","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["ER\u03b2 agonist alters RNA splicing factor expression and has a longer window of antidepressant effectiveness than estradiol after long-term ovariectomy"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Xu","family":"Hou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel O.","family":"Adeosun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 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