{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T13:22:40Z","timestamp":1791379360561,"version":"4.3.2"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Psychiatry Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p> There is increasing evidence that people with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are impaired in emotion regulation, but psychophysiological and functional MRI data on emotion processing in adult patients with ADHD are scarce. We investigated the neural correlates of reappraisal as one of the most efficient emotion-regulation strategies. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p> We included 30 adult patients with ADHD and 35 healthy controls in our study. We applied a well-established reappraisal paradigm in functional MRI and assessed behavioural emotion-regulation strategies with standardized questionnaires. We hypothesized that patients with ADHD would demonstrate impaired reappraisal related to reduced activations in the frontoparietal cognitive control network. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Despite our hypothesis, we found no significant activation differences in the neural reappraisal network between patients with ADHD and controls. As well, both groups revealed similar reappraisal success on the immediate behavioural ratings in the scanner. Interestingly, patients with ADHD revealed significantly increased activations in the dorsal and ventral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) compared with controls when viewing negative &gt; neutral pictures. These ACC activations were significantly correlated with the prevalence of habitual use of reappraisal in patients with ADHD only. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Limitations:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Patients withdrew medication only 24 hours before the experiment; we investigated negative, but not positive, emotion processing and regulation. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Although emotion dysregulation is regarded as a core symptom of ADHD, explicit reappraisal does not seem to be impaired in adult patients. However, increased activation of the ACC implies stronger implicit emotion regulation induced by negative stimuli. This might be explained by emotional hyperresponsivity in patients with ADHD compared with controls. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.180139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,29]],"date-time":"2019-08-29T13:38:47Z","timestamp":1567085927000},"page":"340-349","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Adult patients with ADHD differ from healthy controls in implicit, but not explicit, emotion regulation"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Lukas","family":"Materna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian Dirk","family":"Wiesner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Shushakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Trieloff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalia","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alva","family":"Engell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricarda I.","family":"Schubotz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Institute for Psychology, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jochen","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Institute of Clinical Radiology, Medical Faculty, University of M\u00fcnster, and University Hospital M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anya","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Ohrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"b1-44-5-340\/b1-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329170500471X","volume":"36","author":"Faraone SV","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"b2-44-5-340\/b2-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.107.048827","volume":"194","author":"Simon V","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"b3-44-5-340\/b3-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s12402-016-0208-3","volume":"9","author":"Fayyad J","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atten Defic Hyperact Disord"},{"key":"b4-44-5-340\/b4-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-007-0712-8","volume":"257","author":"Sobanski E","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"b5-44-5-340\/b5-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-2354","volume":"131","author":"Barbaresi WJ","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"b6-44-5-340\/b6-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s12402-012-0097-z","volume":"5","author":"Corbisiero S","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atten Defic Hyperact Disord"},{"key":"b7-44-5-340\/b7-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s12402-012-0100-8","volume":"5","author":"Surman CBH","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atten Defic Hyperact Disord"},{"key":"b8-44-5-340\/b8-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.13070966","volume":"171","author":"Shaw P","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"b9-44-5-340\/b9-44-5-340_1","first-page":"81","volume-title":"Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a handbook for diagnosis and treatment","author":"Barkley RA","year":"2015"},{"key":"b10-44-5-340\/b10-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-015-0187-5","volume":"18","author":"Bunford N","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev"},{"key":"b11-44-5-340\/b11-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291706008713","volume":"37","author":"Able SL","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"b12-44-5-340\/b12-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.22317","volume":"73","author":"Corbisiero S","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"b13-44-5-340\/b13-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S29670","volume":"8","author":"Biederman J","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"b14-44-5-340\/b14-44-5-340_1","first-page":"70","volume":"10","author":"Petrovic P","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"b15-44-5-340\/b15-44-5-340_1","first-page":"785","volume":"17","author":"Nigg JT","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"b16-44-5-340\/b16-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2010.07.009","volume":"49","author":"Passarotti AM","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"b17-44-5-340\/b17-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2972","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24053","volume":"39","author":"Vetter NC","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"b18-44-5-340\/b18-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.02.005","volume":"193","author":"Posner J","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"b19-44-5-340\/b19-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617709991019","volume":"16","author":"Passarotti AM","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"key":"b20-44-5-340\/b20-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2009.09010043","volume":"167","author":"Brotman MA","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"b21-44-5-340\/b21-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.05.010","volume":"50","author":"Posner J","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"b22-44-5-340\/b22-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsr093","volume":"7","author":"McRae K","year":"2012","journal-title":"Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci"},{"key":"b23-44-5-340\/b23-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-017-0826-6","volume":"268","author":"Shushakova A","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"b24-44-5-340\/b24-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.74.1.224","volume":"74","author":"Gross JJ","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"b25-44-5-340\/b25-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2012.06751.x","volume":"1251","author":"Ochsner KN","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"b26-44-5-340\/b26-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2981","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bht154","volume":"24","author":"Buhle JT","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"b27-44-5-340\/b27-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsq053","volume":"6","author":"MacNamara A","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci"},{"key":"b28-44-5-340\/b28-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2012.02.010","volume":"50","author":"Szasz PL","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"b29-44-5-340\/b29-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1111\/jnp.12035","volume":"9","author":"Ahn HM","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neuropsychol"},{"key":"b30-44-5-340\/b30-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1080\/1047840X.2015.989751","volume":"26","author":"Gross JJ","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol Inq"},{"key":"b31-44-5-340\/b31-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.11.004","volume":"30","author":"Aldao A","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"b32-44-5-340\/b32-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.09.006","volume":"59","author":"Wager TD","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"b33-44-5-340\/b33-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291704002892","volume":"35","author":"Kessler RC","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"b34-44-5-340\/b34-44-5-340_1","volume-title":"Adult ADHD Diagnostic assessment and treatment","author":"Kooij JJS","year":"2012","edition":"3"},{"key":"b35-44-5-340\/b35-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1007\/s00115-003-1622-2","volume":"75","author":"R\u00f6sler M","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nervenarzt"},{"key":"b36-44-5-340\/b36-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1007\/s00115-001-1215-x","volume":"73","author":"Retz-Junginger P","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nervenarzt"},{"key":"b37-44-5-340\/b37-44-5-340_1","volume-title":"SKID: Strukturiertes Klinisches Interview f\u00fcr DSM-IV; Achse I und II. Achse II : Pers\u00f6nlichkeitsst\u00f6rungen. SKID-II","author":"Wittchen H-U","year":"1997"},{"key":"b38-44-5-340\/b38-44-5-340_1","volume-title":"Wechsler adult intelligence scale\u2013fourth edition (WAIS\u2013IV) Deutsche version","author":"Wechsler D","year":"2008"},{"key":"b39-44-5-340\/b39-44-5-340_1","volume-title":"Frankfurter Aufmerksamkeits-Inventar 2: FAIR-2","author":"Moosbrugger H","year":"2011"},{"key":"b40-44-5-340\/b40-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1026\/0012-1924.55.3.144","volume":"55","author":"Abler B","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diagnostica"},{"key":"b41-44-5-340\/b41-44-5-340_1","first-page":"141","volume":"56","author":"Berking M","year":"2008","journal-title":"Z Psychiatr Psychol Psychother"},{"key":"b42-44-5-340\/b42-44-5-340_1","volume-title":"Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II","author":"Beck AT","year":"1996"},{"key":"b43-44-5-340\/b43-44-5-340_1","volume-title":"International affective picture system (IAPS): affective ratings of pictures and instruction manual Technical report A-8","author":"Lang PJ","year":"2008"},{"key":"b44-44-5-340\/b44-44-5-340_1","volume-title":"Inquisit","year":"2010"},{"key":"b45-44-5-340\/b45-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7900","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1602413113","volume":"113","author":"Eklund A","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"b46-44-5-340\/b46-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.12.058","volume":"91","author":"Woo C-W","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"b47-44-5-340\/b47-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0978","volume":"15","author":"Tzourio-Mazoyer N","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"b48-44-5-340\/b48-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.07.075","volume":"122","author":"Rolls E","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"b49-44-5-340\/b49-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6924.2009.01125.x","volume":"4","author":"Vul E","year":"2009","journal-title":"Perspect Psychol Sci"},{"key":"b50-44-5-340\/b50-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2012.00119","volume":"6","author":"Rousselet GA","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"b51-44-5-340\/b51-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146","volume":"39","author":"Faul F","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"b52-44-5-340\/b52-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.06.001","volume":"79","author":"Pic\u00f3-P\u00e9rez M","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"b53-44-5-340\/b53-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S165677","volume":"14","author":"Wang H-Y","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"b54-44-5-340\/b54-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.11.001","volume":"87","author":"Kohn N","year":"2014","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"b55-44-5-340\/b55-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8721.2008.00566.x","volume":"17","author":"Ochsner KN","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Dir Psychol Sci"},{"key":"b56-44-5-340\/b56-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2010.11.004","volume":"15","author":"Etkin A","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"b57-44-5-340\/b57-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.23.2.jnp121","volume":"23","author":"Stevens FL","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"b58-44-5-340\/b58-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn4044","volume":"16","author":"Etkin A","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"b59-44-5-340\/b59-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsx096","volume":"12","author":"Braunstein LM","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci"},{"key":"b60-44-5-340\/b60-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2012.03.005","volume":"92","author":"Vanderhasselt MA","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"key":"b61-44-5-340\/b61-44-5-340_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2018.00100","volume":"12","author":"Rubia K","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1503\/jpn.180139","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1503\/jpn.180139","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T16:42:07Z","timestamp":1756831327000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/10.1503\/jpn.180139"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1503\/jpn.180139"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/jpn.180139","relation":{},"ISSN":["1180-4882","1488-2434"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1180-4882","type":"print"},{"value":"1488-2434","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}}}