{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T16:50:38Z","timestamp":1782924638878,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Psychiatry Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Using biological evidence to define subtypes within the heterogeneous population with obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder (OCD) is important for improving treatment response. Based on age at onset, OCD can be clustered into 2 groups, each of which is more homogeneous with respect to clinical and cognitive phenotype. However, the neural bases for these phenotypic differences need to be established to construct evidence-based homogeneous groups. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p> We compared brain volumes, clinical symptoms, and neurocognitive function for 49 people with early-onset OCD and 52 with late-onset OCD (participants in both groups were unmedicated or drug-na\u00efve), and 103 healthy controls. We performed regression analyses to examine group \u00d7 volume interaction effects on clinical outcomes or neurocognitive function in people with OCD. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p> We observed larger volumes in the precentral, orbitofrontal, middle frontal, and middle temporal gyri in people with early-onset OCD compared to those with late-onset OCD. Poorer visuospatial construction in early-onset OCD was correlated with a larger left middle frontal gyrus volume. Impaired visuospatial memory in people with early-onset OCD and cognitive inflexibility in people with late-onset OCD were correlated with increased and decreased volume in the left middle frontal gyrus, respectively. We found group \u00d7 volume interactions for obsessive\u2013compulsive symptom scores in the left middle temporal gyrus of people with OCD. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title><jats:p> Although we divided the subtypes using the commonly adopted criterion of age at onset, this criterion is still somewhat controversial. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p> We provided the neural bases for clinical and neurocognitive differences to demonstrate that biological evidence underlies the distinctions between early- and late-onset OCD. This study suggests that different treatment options should be considered for the OCD subtypes, because their neurobiology differs and is related to distinct phenotypic profiles. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.190028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,26]],"date-time":"2020-06-26T12:20:06Z","timestamp":1593174006000},"page":"234-242","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Neural bases of the clinical and neurocognitive differences between early- and late-onset obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Taekwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seoyeon","family":"Kwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji-Won","family":"Hur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhee","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Won-Gyo","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minah","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"and Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun Soo","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"b1-45-4-234\/b1-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v2.i6.86","volume":"2","author":"Lack CW","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J Psychiatry"},{"key":"b2-45-4-234\/b2-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.14020138","volume":"171","author":"Insel TR","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"b3-45-4-234\/b3-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-201","volume":"11","author":"Wardenaar KJ","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"b4-45-4-234\/b4-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291713000470","volume":"44","author":"Anholt GE","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"b5-45-4-234\/b5-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.11.1899","volume":"158","author":"Rosario-Campos MC","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"b6-45-4-234\/b6-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2011.02434.x","volume":"52","author":"Nakatani E","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"b7-45-4-234\/b7-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2008.10.015","volume":"47","author":"Lomax CL","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"b8-45-4-234\/b8-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.1.137","volume":"158","author":"Henin A","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"b9-45-4-234\/b9-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2011.06.007","volume":"31","author":"Taylor S","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"b10-45-4-234\/b10-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3956(02)00087-0","volume":"37","author":"Fontenelle LF","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"b11-45-4-234\/b11-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1053\/comp.2000.9009","volume":"41","author":"Sobin C","year":"2000","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"b12-45-4-234\/b12-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617707070063","volume":"13","author":"Hwang SH","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"key":"b13-45-4-234\/b13-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-009-0055-2","volume":"19","author":"Butwicka A","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"b14-45-4-234\/b14-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.11.001","volume":"136","author":"Wang X","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"b15-45-4-234\/b15-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.09.011","volume":"86","author":"Kang JI","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"b16-45-4-234\/b16-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.17.2.208","volume":"17","author":"Roth RM","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"b17-45-4-234\/b17-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20484","volume":"26","author":"Nakao T","year":"2009","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"b18-45-4-234\/b18-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2009.08.012","volume":"464","author":"Koprivova J","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"b19-45-4-234\/b19-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.10.007","volume":"202","author":"Exner C","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"b20-45-4-234\/b20-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2017.17050485","volume":"175","author":"Boedhoe PSW","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"b21-45-4-234\/b21-45-4-234_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders IV, text revision (DSM-IV-TR)","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000"},{"key":"b22-45-4-234\/b22-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1989.01810110048007","volume":"46","author":"Goodman WK","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"b23-45-4-234\/b23-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56","volume":"23","author":"Hamilton M","year":"1960","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"b24-45-4-234\/b24-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1959.tb00467.x","volume":"32","author":"Hamilton M","year":"1959","journal-title":"Br J Med Psychol"},{"key":"b25-45-4-234\/b25-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2008.01.002","volume":"23","author":"de Mathis MA","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"b26-45-4-234\/b26-45-4-234_1","volume-title":"Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV-TR axis I disorders, research version Non-patient edition","author":"First MB","year":"2002"},{"key":"b27-45-4-234\/b27-45-4-234_1","volume-title":"Rey complex figure test and recognition trial professional manual","author":"Meyers JE","year":"1995"},{"key":"b28-45-4-234\/b28-45-4-234_1","first-page":"385","volume":"19","author":"Kang Y","year":"2000","journal-title":"Kor J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"b29-45-4-234\/b29-45-4-234_1","volume-title":"WAIS-R manual: Wechsler adult intelligence scale\u2014revised","author":"Wechsler D","year":"1981"},{"key":"b30-45-4-234\/b30-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(91)90063-E","volume":"29","author":"Owen AM","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"b31-45-4-234\/b31-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1080\/13803390500507196","volume":"29","author":"Brand M","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"key":"b32-45-4-234\/b32-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(98)00091-8","volume":"20","author":"Rogers RD","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"b33-45-4-234\/b33-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2000.0582","volume":"11","author":"Ashburner J","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"b34-45-4-234\/b34-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.07.007","volume":"38","author":"Ashburner J","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"b35-45-4-234\/b35-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.12.018","volume":"97","author":"Smith SM","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"b36-45-4-234\/b36-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2016.08.002","volume":"12","author":"Roiser JP","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"b37-45-4-234\/b37-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2016.0475","volume":"7","author":"Cox RW","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Connect"},{"key":"b38-45-4-234\/b38-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.07.075","volume":"122","author":"Rolls ET","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"b39-45-4-234\/b39-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2004.00302.x","volume":"110","author":"Stewart SE","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"b40-45-4-234\/b40-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291713001803","volume":"44","author":"Shin NY","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"b41-45-4-234\/b41-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.3758\/17.5.673","volume":"17","author":"Fukuda K","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychon Bull Rev"},{"key":"b42-45-4-234\/b42-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/13.3.259","volume":"13","author":"Stein RA","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol"},{"key":"b43-45-4-234\/b43-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(98)00278-9","volume":"45","author":"Savage CR","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"b44-45-4-234\/b44-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.13040574","volume":"171","author":"de Wit SJ","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"b45-45-4-234\/b45-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.115.164020","volume":"210","author":"Fouche JP","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"b46-45-4-234\/b46-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-017-0146","volume":"1","author":"Marquand AF","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Hum Behav"},{"key":"b47-45-4-234\/b47-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145710001604","volume":"14","author":"Hesse S","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"b48-45-4-234\/b48-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200103000-00015","volume":"40","author":"Busatto GF","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"b49-45-4-234\/b49-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-012-0444-z","volume":"218","author":"Takeuchi H","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Struct Funct"},{"key":"b50-45-4-234\/b50-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2013.01.016","volume":"62","author":"Piras F","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"b51-45-4-234\/b51-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.09.002","volume":"46","author":"Alvarenga PG","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"b52-45-4-234\/b52-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.12.223","volume":"109","author":"Gilbert AR","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"b53-45-4-234\/b53-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2008.23.1.24","volume":"23","author":"Yoo SY","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"b54-45-4-234\/b54-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn267","volume":"132","author":"van den Heuvel OA","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"b55-45-4-234\/b55-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2011.11.003","volume":"16","author":"Milad MR","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"b56-45-4-234\/b56-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(02)00428-2","volume":"53","author":"Tekin S","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"b57-45-4-234\/b57-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.11.004","volume":"74","author":"Morris LS","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"b58-45-4-234\/b58-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617709090481","volume":"15","author":"Dennis M","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"key":"b59-45-4-234\/b59-45-4-234_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2008.09.023","volume":"30","author":"Salthouse TA","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"}],"container-title":["Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1503\/jpn.190028","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1503\/jpn.190028","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T16:36:35Z","timestamp":1756830995000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/10.1503\/jpn.190028"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1503\/jpn.190028"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/jpn.190028","relation":{},"ISSN":["1180-4882","1488-2434"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1180-4882","type":"print"},{"value":"1488-2434","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}}}