{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T20:28:02Z","timestamp":1790972882683,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Psychiatry Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p> An increased neural response to making errors has emerged as a biomarker of anxiety. Error negativity (Ne) or error-related negativity (ERN) is an event-related potential generated when people commit errors; the Ne\/ERN is greater among people with anxiety and predicts increases in anxiety. However, no previous study has examined whether the Ne\/ERN can be used as a prognostic indicator among people with current anxiety. The present study addressed this gap by examining whether the Ne\/ERN prospectively predicts increases in anxiety symptoms in clinically anxious children and adolescents. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p> The sample included 34 female participants between the ages of 8 and 14 years who met the criteria for a clinical anxiety disorder based on clinical interview. The Ne\/ERN was measured using a flanker task. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Increased Ne\/ERN at baseline predicted increases in total anxiety symptoms 2 years later, even when accounting for baseline symptoms. The Ne\/ERN predicted increases in the symptom domains of generalized anxiety, social anxiety and harm avoidance\/perfectionism, but not panic, separation anxiety, school avoidance or physical symptoms. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Limitations:<\/jats:title><jats:p> The sample size was small, which may have inflated the false discovery rate. To mitigate this possibility, we used multiple self-report measures, and the results for the 2 measures (as well as their symptom domains) converged. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p> These data suggest that the Ne\/ERN can delineate specific risk trajectories, even among those who already meet the criteria for a clinical anxiety disorder. Considering the need for prognostic markers among people with clinical anxiety, the current findings are an important and novel extension of previous work. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.200128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]],"date-time":"2021-08-04T08:27:56Z","timestamp":1628065676000},"page":"E472-E479","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Error-related negativity predicts increases in anxiety in a sample of clinically anxious female children and adolescents over 2 years"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Alexandria","family":"Meyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Psychology, Florida State University Ringgold Standard Institution, Tallahassee, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lushna","family":"Mehra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Psychology, Florida State University Ringgold Standard 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