{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:15:25Z","timestamp":1790828125174,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Psychiatry Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bipolar disorder is highly heritable and polygenic. The polygenic risk for bipolar disorder overlaps with that of schizophrenia, and polygenic scores are normally distributed in the population. Bipolar disorder has been associated with structural brain abnormalities, but it is unknown how these are linked to genetic risk factors for psychotic disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We tested whether polygenic risk scores for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia predict structural brain alterations in 98 patients with bipolar disorder and 81 healthy controls. We derived brain cortical thickness, surface area and volume from structural MRI scans. In post-hoc analyses, we correlated polygenic risk with functional hub strength, derived from resting-state functional MRI and brain connectomics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher polygenic risk scores for both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia were associated with a thinner ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). We found these associations in the combined group, and separately in patients and drug-naive controls. Polygenic risk for bipolar disorder was correlated with the functional hub strength of the vmPFC within the default mode network.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Limitations:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Polygenic risk is a cumulative measure of genomic burden. Detailed genetic mechanisms underlying brain alterations and their cognitive consequences still need to be determined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our multimodal neuroimaging study linked genomic burden and brain endophenotype by demonstrating an association between polygenic risk scores for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia and the structure and function of the vmPFC. Our findings suggest that genetic factors might confer risk for psychotic disorders by influencing the integrity of the vmPFC, a brain region involved in self-referential processes and emotional regulation. Our study may also provide an imaging\u2013genetics vulnerability marker that can be used to help identify individuals at risk for developing bipolar disorder.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.200165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T07:55:21Z","timestamp":1626940521000},"page":"E441-E450","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Genetic risk for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia predicts structure and function of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Christoph","family":"Ab\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Predrag","family":"Petrovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Ossler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William H.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"the Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benny","family":"Liberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Bergen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl M.","family":"Sellgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Fransson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Ingvar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Neuroradiology, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikael","family":"Land\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"and the Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the Gothenburg University, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"b1-46-4-e441\/b1-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60855-7","volume":"381","author":"Craddock N","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"b2-46-4-e441\/b2-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.12","volume":"68","author":"Merikangas KR","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"b3-46-4-e441\/b3-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112915","volume":"11","author":"Pearlson GD","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"key":"b4-46-4-e441\/b4-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2711","volume":"45","author":"Lee SH","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"b5-46-4-e441\/b5-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.73","volume":"23","author":"Hibar DP","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"b6-46-4-e441\/b6-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.150093","volume":"41","author":"Abe C","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Psychiatry Neurosci"},{"key":"b7-46-4-e441\/b7-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12362","volume":"18","author":"Hanford LC","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"key":"b8-46-4-e441\/b8-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.13081008","volume":"171","author":"Phillips ML","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"b9-46-4-e441\/b9-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25098."},{"key":"b10-46-4-e441\/b10-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715000537","volume":"45","author":"Gurung R","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"b11-46-4-e441\/b11-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.05.083","volume":"150","author":"Vargas C","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"b12-46-4-e441\/b12-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2011.00893.x","volume":"13","author":"Chen CH","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"key":"b13-46-4-e441\/b13-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.10.974","volume":"61","author":"McDonald C","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"b14-46-4-e441\/b14-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12611","volume":"72","author":"Ikeda M","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"b15-46-4-e441\/b15-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13595","volume":"511","author":"Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"b16-46-4-e441\/b16-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12295","volume":"55","author":"Wray NR","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"b17-46-4-e441\/b17-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08185","volume":"460","author":"Purcell SM","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"b18-46-4-e441\/b18-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32581","volume":"177","author":"Ranlund S","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"b19-46-4-e441\/b19-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.021","volume":"31","author":"Desikan RS","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"b20-46-4-e441\/b20-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1998.0395","volume":"9","author":"Dale AM","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"b21-46-4-e441\/b21-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1998.0396","volume":"9","author":"Fischl B","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"b22-46-4-e441\/b22-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11050","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.200033797","volume":"97","author":"Fischl B","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"b23-46-4-e441\/b23-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhg087","volume":"14","author":"Fischl B","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"issue":"1","key":"b24-46-4-e441\/b24-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.07.016","volume":"23","author":"Fischl B","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"b25-46-4-e441\/b25-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2015.227","volume":"21","author":"Hibar DP","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"b26-46-4-e441\/b26-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e3283424c84","volume":"22","author":"Joshi AA","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"b27-46-4-e441\/b27-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.09.032","volume":"67","author":"Rimol LM","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"b28-46-4-e441\/b28-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6774","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1311630111","volume":"111","author":"Schmitt JE","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"b29-46-4-e441\/b29-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.60","volume":"22","author":"Schmaal L","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"b30-46-4-e441\/b30-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-018-0235-4","volume":"16","author":"Esteban O","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"b31-46-4-e441\/b31-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2014.00014","volume":"8","author":"Abraham A","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Neuroinform"},{"key":"b32-46-4-e441\/b32-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1162\/NETN_a_00011","volume":"1","author":"Thompson WH","year":"2017","journal-title":"Netw Neurosci"},{"key":"b33-46-4-e441\/b33-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-018-0267-2","volume":"24","author":"Perry A","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"b34-46-4-e441\/b34-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13638","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-50093-4","volume":"9","author":"Fernandes HM","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"b35-46-4-e441\/b35-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3095","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhx179","volume":"28","author":"Schaefer A","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"b36-46-4-e441\/b36-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00338.2011","volume":"106","author":"Yeo BT","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"b37-46-4-e441\/b37-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03288","volume":"433","author":"Guimera R","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"b38-46-4-e441\/b38-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.10.003","volume":"52","author":"Rubinov M","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"b39-46-4-e441\/b39-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31823efc6c","volume":"78","author":"Dickerson BC","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"b40-46-4-e441\/b40-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2011.00407.x","volume":"18","author":"Durazzo TC","year":"2013","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"b41-46-4-e441\/b41-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054711434351","volume":"17","author":"Almeida Montes LG","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Atten Disord"},{"key":"b42-46-4-e441\/b42-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21311","volume":"33","author":"Burzynska AZ","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"b43-46-4-e441\/b43-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12117","volume":"15","author":"Elvsashagen T","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"key":"b44-46-4-e441\/b44-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2019.08.015","volume":"87","author":"Ab\u00e9 C","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"b45-46-4-e441\/b45-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2728","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhp026","volume":"19","author":"Panizzon MS","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"b46-46-4-e441\/b46-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.12.028","volume":"53","author":"Winkler AM","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"b47-46-4-e441\/b47-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2529","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19971130)16:22<2529::AID-SIM692>3.0.CO;2-J","volume":"16","author":"Sankoh AJ","year":"1997","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"b48-46-4-e441\/b48-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2011.00932.x","volume":"13","author":"Goldstein BI","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"key":"b49-46-4-e441\/b49-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.06.008","volume":"151","author":"Tesli M","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"b50-46-4-e441\/b50-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.06.014","volume":"15","author":"Doan NT","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"b51-46-4-e441\/b51-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2019.04.013","volume":"86","author":"Neilson E","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"b52-46-4-e441\/b52-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42140","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42140","volume":"7","author":"Reus LM","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"b53-46-4-e441\/b53-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2016.12.011","volume":"184","author":"Neilson E","year":"2017","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"b54-46-4-e441\/b54-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-018-9879-z","volume":"13","author":"Dezhina Z","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav"},{"key":"b55-46-4-e441\/b55-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3627","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2060-18.2019","volume":"39","author":"Lopez-Persem A","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"b56-46-4-e441\/b56-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-071013-014030","volume":"38","author":"Raichle ME","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"b57-46-4-e441\/b57-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2016.0438","volume":"7","author":"Mak LE","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Connect"},{"key":"b58-46-4-e441\/b58-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn4044","volume":"16","author":"Etkin A","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"b59-46-4-e441\/b59-46-4-e441_1","first-page":"70","volume":"10","author":"Petrovic P","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"b60-46-4-e441\/b60-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1884","volume":"7","author":"Amodio DM","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"b61-46-4-e441\/b61-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1002\/wcs.1183","volume":"3","author":"Wagner DD","year":"2012","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci"},{"key":"b62-46-4-e441\/b62-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.09.003","volume":"63","author":"Kable JW","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"b63-46-4-e441\/b63-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291712002711","volume":"43","author":"Pavlickova H","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"b64-46-4-e441\/b64-46-4-e441_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.01848","volume":"9","author":"Yang Y","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Psychol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1503\/jpn.200165","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1503\/jpn.200165","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T16:35:53Z","timestamp":1756830953000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/10.1503\/jpn.200165"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1503\/jpn.200165"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/jpn.200165","relation":{},"ISSN":["1180-4882","1488-2434"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1180-4882","type":"print"},{"value":"1488-2434","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}}}