{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T04:35:21Z","timestamp":1788669321597,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651017600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Psychiatry Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) is a much more rapid protocol than low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), but no clinical trial has yet investigated the efficacy and mechanisms of cTBS for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical effects and \u03b1 oscillations induced by cTBS versus 1 Hz rTMS as predictors of response, and to assess the underlying mechanisms of the therapeutic effects of cTBS in patients with generalized anxiety disorder.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We randomly allocated 120 patients with generalized anxiety disorder to receive cTBS ( n = 41), 1 Hz rTMS ( n = 40) or sham cTBS ( n = 39) over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; we also included healthy controls ( n = 30) to compare neurophysiological data. We analyzed changes in Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale scores and \u03b1 oscillations (frequency and power) at baseline, post-treatment and 1-month follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After 20 sessions of treatment, patients\u2019 anxiety had improved and \u03b1 power had increased in the cTBS and 1 Hz rTMS groups. However, at 1-month follow-up the cTBS group had significantly more responders and remitters, and higher \u03b1 oscillations than the 1 Hz rTMS group (post hoc analysis: cTBS &gt; rTMS &gt; sham). At baseline, \u03b1 frequency was inversely correlated with psychological symptom scores on the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale ( r = \u22120.613, p &lt; 0.001); post-treatment, this correlation was present only in the cTBS group ( r = \u22120.685, p &lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Electroencephalography data were limited to the \u03b1 band.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings provide evidence for the clinical use of cTBS, a novel brain stimulation protocol. Its therapeutic effects may be the result of increasing \u03b1 frequency, thereby improving the psychological symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.210134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T08:15:50Z","timestamp":1648714550000},"page":"E123-E133","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Clinical effects of continuous theta burst stimulation for generalized anxiety disorder and a mechanism involving \u03b1 oscillations: a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Xidan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China"},{"name":"the Stem Cell Clinical Research Institution, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ce","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Clinical Drug Trial Institution, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengmeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongzhong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"b1-47-2-e123\/b1-47-2-e123_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22525","volume":"33","author":"Patterson B","year":"2016","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"b2-47-2-e123\/b2-47-2-e123_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.s.7002.06","volume":"70","author":"Pollack MH","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"b3-47-2-e123\/b3-47-2-e123_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16cs10905","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.16cs10905","volume":"79","author":"McClintock SM","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"b4-47-2-e123\/b4-47-2-e123_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.12.033","volume":"45","author":"Huang YZ","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"b5-47-2-e123\/b5-47-2-e123_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.01.008","volume":"63","author":"Chung SW","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"b6-47-2-e123\/b6-47-2-e123_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30295-2","volume":"391","author":"Blumberger DM","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"b7-47-2-e123\/b7-47-2-e123_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.115.168203","volume":"209","author":"Diefenbach GJ","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"b8-47-2-e123\/b8-47-2-e123_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1177\/155005940503600307","volume":"36","author":"Struve FA","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin EEG Neurosci"},{"key":"b9-47-2-e123\/b9-47-2-e123_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1177\/1550059415621435","volume":"48","author":"Arns M","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin EEG Neurosci"},{"key":"b10-47-2-e123\/b10-47-2-e123_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.12.011","volume":"77","author":"Fingelkurts AA","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"b11-47-2-e123\/b11-47-2-e123_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1177\/155005941004100406","volume":"41","author":"Manna CBG","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin EEG Neurosci"},{"key":"b12-47-2-e123\/b12-47-2-e123_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.113.2.324","volume":"113","author":"Metzger LJ","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"b13-47-2-e123\/b13-47-2-e123_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.01.001","volume":"282","author":"Lin IM","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"b14-47-2-e123\/b14-47-2-e123_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.005","volume":"82","author":"Cao D","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"b15-47-2-e123\/b15-47-2-e123_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.018","volume":"12","author":"Corlier J","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"b16-47-2-e123\/b16-47-2-e123_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12742","volume":"1344","author":"Leuchter AF","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"b17-47-2-e123\/b17-47-2-e123_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13483","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13483","volume":"57","author":"Smith EE","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"b18-47-2-e123\/b18-47-2-e123_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12043","volume":"50","author":"Grandy TH","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"b19-47-2-e123\/b19-47-2-e123_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.07.005","volume":"68","author":"Eidelman-Rothman M","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"b20-47-2-e123\/b20-47-2-e123_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.05.018","volume":"78","author":"Dilkov D","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"b21-47-2-e123\/b21-47-2-e123_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.03.020","volume":"13","author":"Wang Q","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"b22-47-2-e123\/b22-47-2-e123_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2018.101620","volume":"21","author":"Du J","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"b23-47-2-e123\/b23-47-2-e123_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(00)01110-0","volume":"49","author":"Lisanby SH","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"b24-47-2-e123\/b24-47-2-e123_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.08.016","volume":"120","author":"Rossi S","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"b25-47-2-e123\/b25-47-2-e123_1","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen J","year":"1988","edition":"2"},{"key":"b26-47-2-e123\/b26-47-2-e123_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2018.05.016","volume":"11","author":"Huang Z","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"b27-47-2-e123\/b27-47-2-e123_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00755","volume":"9","author":"Huang Z","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"b28-47-2-e123\/b28-47-2-e123_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.08.063","volume":"183","author":"Samuel IBH","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"b29-47-2-e123\/b29-47-2-e123_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.03.001","volume":"53","author":"Knyazev GG","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"key":"b30-47-2-e123\/b30-47-2-e123_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101693","volume":"22","author":"Murphy M","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"b31-47-2-e123\/b31-47-2-e123_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.08.016","volume":"122","author":"Huang Y-Z","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"b32-47-2-e123\/b32-47-2-e123_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35080-e","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035080","volume":"7","author":"Noh NA","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"b33-47-2-e123\/b33-47-2-e123_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2013.04.020","volume":"89","author":"Uusberg A","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"key":"b34-47-2-e123\/b34-47-2-e123_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3212","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3755-12.2013","volume":"33","author":"Lange J","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"b35-47-2-e123\/b35-47-2-e123_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsz038","volume":"14","author":"Jaiswal S","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci"},{"key":"b36-47-2-e123\/b36-47-2-e123_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00605","volume":"9","author":"Petrosino NJ","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"b37-47-2-e123\/b37-47-2-e123_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.12.018","volume":"70","author":"Hindriks R","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"b38-47-2-e123\/b38-47-2-e123_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00037","volume":"7","author":"Leuchter AF","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1503\/jpn.210134","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1503\/jpn.210134","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T16:41:13Z","timestamp":1756831273000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/10.1503\/jpn.210134"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1503\/jpn.210134"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/jpn.210134","relation":{},"ISSN":["1180-4882","1488-2434"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1180-4882","type":"print"},{"value":"1488-2434","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]}}}