{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T16:34:05Z","timestamp":1791650045573,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Psychiatry Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A growing body of neuroimaging studies has reported common neural abnormalities among mental disorders in adults. However, it is unclear whether the distinct disorder-specific mechanisms operate during adolescence despite the overlap among disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We studied a large cohort of more than 11 000 preadolescent (age 9\u201310 yr) children from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development cohort. We adopted a regrouping approach to compare cortical thickness (CT) alterations and longitudinal changes between healthy controls ( n = 4041) and externalizing ( n = 1182), internalizing ( n = 1959) and thought disorder ( n = 347) groups. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed on regional CT across 4468 unrelated European youth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Youth with externalizing or internalizing disorders exhibited increased regional CT compared with controls. Externalizing ( p = 8 \u00d7 10\n                      <jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup>\n                      , Cohen d = 0.10) and internalizing disorders ( p = 2 \u00d7 10\n                      <jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\n                      , Cohen d = 0.08) shared thicker CT in the left pars opercularis. The somatosensory and the primary auditory cortex were uniquely affected in externalizing disorders, whereas the primary motor cortex and higher-order visual association areas were uniquely affected in internalizing disorders. Only youth with externalizing disorders showed decelerated cortical thinning from age 10\u201312 years. The GWAS found 59 genome-wide significant associated genetic variants across these regions. Cortical thickness in common regions was associated with glutamatergic neurons, while internalizing-specific regional CT was associated with astrocytes, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and GABAergic neurons.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Limitations:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The sample size of the GWAS was relatively small.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study provides strong evidence for the presence of specificity in CT, developmental trajectories and underlying genetic underpinnings among externalizing and internalizing disorders during early adolescence. Our results support the neurobiological validity of the regrouping approach that could supplement the use of a dimensional approach in future clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.220202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T08:35:35Z","timestamp":1693989335000},"page":"E345-E356","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Common and disorder-specific cortical thickness alterations in internalizing, externalizing and thought disorders during early adolescence: an Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Gechang","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"the Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaowen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA"},{"name":"the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA"},{"name":"the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass., USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinran","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"the Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the School of Computer Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huaxin","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"the Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songjun","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"the Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanyu","family":"Kuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"the Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jujiao","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"the Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guiying","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"the MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing-Ming","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"the MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"the Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunter","family":"Schumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the PONS Centre Shanghai, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"the Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, China"},{"name":"the PONS Centre Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charit\u00e9 Mitte, Charit\u00e9platz 1, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"the Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"the Department of Computer Science, 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