{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:49:16Z","timestamp":1791996556013,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738886400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Psychiatry Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p> White matter damage is closely associated with cognitive and psychiatric symptoms and is prevalent in cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD); although the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in CSVD remain elusive, inflammation plays a crucial role. We sought to investigate the relationship between systemic inflammation markers and imaging markers of CVSD, namely white matter hyperintensity (WMH) and microstructural injury. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p> We conducted a study involving both cross-sectional and longitudinal data from the UK Biobank Cohort. We performed multiple linear regression analyses, adjusted for potential confounders, to explore the associations between systemic inflammation markers (e.g., systemic immune\u2013inflammation index [SII], neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio [NLR], C-reactive protein [CRP] levels, monocyte count, neutrophil count) and macro- and microstructural white matter injury, as markers of CSVD. We performed Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate the genetically predictive effect of monocytes on WMH, as well as mediation analysis to clarify whether inflammatory markers affected cognitive function via white matter injury. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p> We included 36 411 participants (mean age 54.8 \u00b1 7.5 yr, 51.9% female) from the UK Biobank Cohort. We found that SII was significantly associated with both WMH and microstructural injury markers (fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, intracellular volume fraction, and isotropic compartment volume fraction [ISOVF]), and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was significantly associated with WMH and some markers of microstructural injury (mean diffusivity and ISOVF). Our analysis revealed that the CRP level was significantly associated with WMH and WMH progression but not with microstructural injury. We also demonstrated that monocyte count was significantly associated with WMH and ISOVF, and that neutrophil count was significantly associated with WMH, mean diffusivity, and ISOVF. In 2-sample Mendelian randomization analyses, we found positive associations between genetic determinants of monocytes and WMH. The mediating role of WMH suggested that a higher SII value and monocyte count could contribute to cognitive impairment through white matter injury. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Limitations:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Although the study includes both cross-sectional and longitudinal components, the sample size for the longitudinal aspect is limited, and the use of blood biomarkers from a single timepoint is also a limitation of this research. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p> The SII and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio may be early detection markers for white matter damage in patients with CSVD, whereas the CRP level is more closely associated with disease severity and progression. Our findings highlight the clinical relevance of systemic inflammation markers with white matter macro- and microstructural injuries, revealing that systemic inflammation is likely involved in the mechanism of early white matter injury among patients with CSVD. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.240039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T08:20:25Z","timestamp":1737620425000},"page":"E45-E56","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Association of systemic inflammatory markers with white matter hyperintensities and microstructural injury: an analysis of UK Biobank data"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Yuan","family":"Qiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaohua","family":"Cong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuna","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xirui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junting","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panlong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Department of Medical Imaging, Henan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital & Zhengzhou University People\u2019s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"b1-50-1-e45\/b1-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12642","volume":"19","author":"Roseborough AD","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"b2-50-1-e45\/b2-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-023-01257-y","volume":"15","author":"Ozzoude M","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"b3-50-1-e45\/b3-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"sgae010","DOI":"10.1093\/schizbullopen\/sgae010","volume":"5","author":"Van Dyken PC","year":"2024","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull Open"},{"key":"b4-50-1-e45\/b4-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2023.103367","volume":"38","author":"Kai J","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"b5-50-1-e45\/b5-50-1-e45_1","first-page":"563","volume-title":"Advances in magnetic resonance technology and applications","author":"Palaniyappan L","year":"2023"},{"key":"b6-50-1-e45\/b6-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0553-7","volume":"25","author":"Koshiyama D","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"b7-50-1-e45\/b7-50-1-e45_1","first-page":"9","volume":"70","author":"de Leeuw F-E","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychiatry"},{"key":"b8-50-1-e45\/b8-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007654","volume":"92","author":"Cannistraro RJ","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"b9-50-1-e45\/b9-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30079-1","volume":"18","author":"Wardlaw JM","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"b10-50-1-e45\/b10-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70124-8","volume":"12","author":"Wardlaw JM","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"b11-50-1-e45\/b11-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961661","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.961661","volume":"14","author":"Gao Y","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"b12-50-1-e45\/b12-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4743","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4743","volume":"35","author":"da Silva PHR","year":"2022","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"key":"b13-50-1-e45\/b13-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5310","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26004","volume":"43","author":"Wang S","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"b14-50-1-e45\/b14-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20170146","volume":"131","author":"Croall ID","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"b15-50-1-e45\/b15-50-1-e45_1","first-page":"e1669","volume":"92","author":"Wong SM","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"b16-50-1-e45\/b16-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.119.026712","volume":"51","author":"Tully PJ","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"b17-50-1-e45\/b17-50-1-e45_1","first-page":"14","volume":"93","author":"Egle M","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychiatry"},{"key":"b18-50-1-e45\/b18-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-03245-7","volume":"22","author":"Gu Y","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"b19-50-1-e45\/b19-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab013","volume":"144","author":"Saleh Y","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"b20-50-1-e45\/b20-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096808","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1096808","volume":"15","author":"Zhang S","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"b21-50-1-e45\/b21-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.12374","volume":"27","author":"Mascalchi M","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neuroimaging"},{"key":"b22-50-1-e45\/b22-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2023.103485","volume":"39","author":"Jia X","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"b23-50-1-e45\/b23-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6285","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19111-2","volume":"11","author":"Sargurupremraj M","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"b24-50-1-e45\/b24-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac290","volume":"146","author":"Yang Y","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"b25-50-1-e45\/b25-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.122.039517","volume":"54","author":"Tozer DJ","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"b26-50-1-e45\/b26-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-03137-x","volume":"11","author":"Li T","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"b27-50-1-e45\/b27-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14047","volume":"29","author":"Wan S","year":"2023","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"b28-50-1-e45\/b28-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3196","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.117.018675","volume":"48","author":"Walker KA","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"b29-50-1-e45\/b29-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6212","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-0442","volume":"20","author":"Hu B","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"b30-50-1-e45\/b30-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dju124","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/dju124","volume":"106","author":"Templeton AJ","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"b31-50-1-e45\/b31-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7379","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-11575-0","volume":"12","author":"Nam KW","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"b32-50-1-e45\/b32-50-1-e45_1","first-page":"e935516","volume":"28","author":"Wang Y","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"b33-50-1-e45\/b33-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.01022","volume":"11","author":"Chung D","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"b34-50-1-e45\/b34-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2022.577863","volume":"367","author":"Karel MFA","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"b35-50-1-e45\/b35-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2017.10.050","volume":"403","author":"Haghshomar M","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"b36-50-1-e45\/b36-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100387","volume":"18","author":"Benedetti F","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun Health"},{"key":"b37-50-1-e45\/b37-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1812","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000207113","volume":"100","author":"Gertje EC","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"b38-50-1-e45\/b38-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-014-0169-8","volume":"2","author":"Kaiser D","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"b39-50-1-e45\/b39-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3179","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac107","volume":"145","author":"Jickling GC","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"b40-50-1-e45\/b40-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-018-06948-3","volume":"562","author":"Cox N","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"b41-50-1-e45\/b41-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4393","volume":"19","author":"Miller KL","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"b42-50-1-e45\/b42-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.07.018","volume":"141","author":"Griffanti L","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"b43-50-1-e45\/b43-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R89","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddu328","volume":"23","author":"Davey Smith G","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"b44-50-1-e45\/b44-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200318921","volume":"111","author":"Pepys MB","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"b45-50-1-e45\/b45-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02468-0","volume":"19","author":"Jiang L","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"b46-50-1-e45\/b46-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-022-09070-1","volume":"33","author":"Park K-I","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"b47-50-1-e45\/b47-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S401098","volume":"19","author":"Xiao Y","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"b48-50-1-e45\/b48-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20081905","volume":"20","author":"Yao H","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"b49-50-1-e45\/b49-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2692","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.022317","volume":"49","author":"Hilal S","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"b50-50-1-e45\/b50-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.06.053","volume":"264","author":"Wada M","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"b51-50-1-e45\/b51-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1136\/svn-2021-001102","volume":"7","author":"Zhang DD","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stroke Vasc Neurol"},{"key":"b52-50-1-e45\/b52-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2910","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000248768.40043.f9","volume":"37","author":"Schmidt R","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"b53-50-1-e45\/b53-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.506337","volume":"112","author":"van Dijk EJ","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"b54-50-1-e45\/b54-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2018.03.031","volume":"68","author":"Walker KA","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"b55-50-1-e45\/b55-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-7931","volume":"9","author":"Wang A","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"b56-50-1-e45\/b56-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X221074223","volume":"42","author":"Zhang XQ","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"b57-50-1-e45\/b57-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X231183742","volume":"43","author":"Lecordier S","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"b58-50-1-e45\/b58-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2019.100916","volume":"53","author":"Low A","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"b59-50-1-e45\/b59-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149625","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1149625","volume":"14","author":"Pang X-W","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"b60-50-1-e45\/b60-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2015.21","volume":"35","author":"Jalal FY","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"b61-50-1-e45\/b61-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-022-01497-3","volume":"11","author":"Sol\u00e9-Guardia G","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"b62-50-1-e45\/b62-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20160604","volume":"131","author":"Rosenberg GA","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"b63-50-1-e45\/b63-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2017.07.024","volume":"380","author":"Nam KW","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"b64-50-1-e45\/b64-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585655","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.585655","volume":"11","author":"Jian B","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"b65-50-1-e45\/b65-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2022.105755","volume":"170","author":"Zeng Q","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"b66-50-1-e45\/b66-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70060-7","volume":"12","author":"Wardlaw JM","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"b67-50-1-e45\/b67-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2018.07.014","volume":"276","author":"Raggi P","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"b68-50-1-e45\/b68-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1755-7682-5-2","volume":"5","author":"Imtiaz F","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Arch Med"},{"key":"b69-50-1-e45\/b69-50-1-e45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00968-1","volume":"404","author":"Kelly P","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1503\/jpn.240039","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1503\/jpn.240039","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T16:31:58Z","timestamp":1756830718000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/10.1503\/jpn.240039"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1503\/jpn.240039"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/jpn.240039","relation":{},"ISSN":["1180-4882","1488-2434"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1180-4882","type":"print"},{"value":"1488-2434","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]]}}}