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Clayton RN, Raskauskiene D, Reulen RC, Jones PW (2011) Mortality and morbidity in Cushing&rsquo;s disease over 50 years in Stoke-on-Trent, UK: audit and meta-analysis of literature. <i>J Clin Endocrinol Metab<\/i> 96: 632-642.","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-1942"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Feelders RA, Pulgar SJ, Kempel A, Pereira AM (2012) The burden of Cushing&rsquo;s disease: clinical and health-related quality of life aspects. <i>Eur J Endocrinol<\/i> 167: 311-326.","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-11-1095"},{"key":"3","unstructured":"3. Juszczak A, Ertorer ME, Grossman A (2013) The therapy of Cushing&rsquo;s disease in adults and children: an update. <i>Horm Metab Res<\/i> 45: 109-117."},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Kelly DF (2007) Transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing&rsquo;s disease: a review of success rates, remission predictors, management of failed surgery, and Nelson&rsquo;s Syndrome. <i>Neurosurg Focus<\/i> 23: E5.","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2007.23.3.7"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Liu JK, Fleseriu M, Delashaw JB, Jr., Ciric IS, Couldwell WT (2007) Treatment options for Cushing disease after unsuccessful transsphenoidal surgery. <i>Neurosurg Focus <\/i>23: E8.","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2007.23.3.10"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Koizumi M, Usui T, Yamada S, Fujisawa I, Tsuru T, et al. (2011) Successful treatment of Cushing&rsquo;s disease caused by ectopic intracavernous microadenoma. <i>Pituitary<\/i> 14: 295-298.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-008-0156-9"},{"key":"7","unstructured":"7. Oyama K, Yamada S, Fukuhara N, Hiramatsu R, Taguchi M, et al. (2006) FSH-producing macroadenoma associated in a patient with Cushing&rsquo;s disease. <i>Neuro Endocrinol Lett<\/i> 27: 733-736."},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Takeshita A, Inoshita N, Taguchi M, Okuda C, Fukuhara N, et al. (2009) High incidence of low O(6)-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase expression in invasive macroadenomas of Cushing&rsquo;s disease. <i>Eur J Endocrinol<\/i> 161: 553-559.","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-09-0414"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Yamada S, Fukuhara N, Nishioka H, Takeshita A, Inoshita N, et al. (2012) Surgical management and outcomes in patients with Cushing disease with negative pituitary magnetic resonance imaging. <i>World Neurosurg <\/i>77: 525-532.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2011.06.033"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Lad SP, Patil CG, Laws ER, Jr., Katznelson L (2007) The role of inferior petrosal sinus sampling in the diagnostic localization of Cushing&rsquo;s disease. <i>Neurosurg Focus<\/i> 23: E2.","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2007.23.3.3"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Sharma ST, Raff H, Nieman LK (2011) Prolactin as a marker of successful catheterization during IPSS in patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing&rsquo;s syndrome. <i>J Clin Endocrinol Metab<\/i> 96: 3687-3694.","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2149"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Nishioka H, Hara T, Usui M, Fukuhara N, Yamada S (2012) Simultaneous combined supra-infrasellar approach for giant\/large multilobulated pituitary adenomas. <i>World Neurosurg<\/i> 77: 533-539.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2011.07.013"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. Nishioka H, Inoshita N, Sano T, Fukuhara N, Yamada S (2012) Correlation between histological subtypes and MRI findings in clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. <i>Endocr Pathol<\/i> 23: 151-156.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-012-9208-9"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Biller BM, Grossman AB, Stewart PM, Melmed S, Bertagna X, et al. (2008) Treatment of adrenocorticotropin-dependent Cushing&rsquo;s syndrome: a consensus statement. <i>J Clin Endocrinol Metab<\/i> 93: 2454-2462.","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-2734"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. Dimopoulou C, Schopohl J, Rachinger W, Buchfelder M, Honegger J, et al. (2014) Long-term remission and recurrence rates after first and second transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing&rsquo;s disease: care reality in the Munich Metropolitan Region. <i>Eur J Endocrinol<\/i> 170: 283-292.","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-13-0634"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Alexandraki KI, Kaltsas GA, Isidori AM, Storr HL, Afshar F, et al. (2013) Long-term remission and recurrence rates in Cushing&rsquo;s disease: predictive factors in a single-centre study. <i>Eur J Endocrinol<\/i> 168: 639-648.","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-12-0921"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. Ludecke DK, Flitsch J, Knappe UJ, Saeger W (2001) Cushing&rsquo;s disease: a surgical view. <i>J Neurooncol<\/i> 54: 151-166.","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012909500847"},{"key":"18","unstructured":"18. Bochicchio D, Losa M, Buchfelder M (1995) Factors influencing the immediate and late outcome of Cushing&rsquo;s disease treated by transsphenoidal surgery: a retrospective study by the European Cushing&rsquo;s Disease Survey Group. <i>J Clin Endocrinol Metab<\/i> 80: 3114-3120."},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Ciric I, Zhao JC, Du H, Findling JW, Molitch ME, et al. (2012) Transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing disease: experience with 136 patients. <i>Neurosurgery<\/i> 70: 70-81.","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31822dda2c"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. Rollin G, Ferreira NP, Czepielewski MA (2007) Prospective evaluation of transsphenoidal pituitary surgery in 108 patients with Cushing&rsquo;s disease. <i>Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol<\/i> 51: 1355-1361.","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-27302007000800022"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. Sheth SA, Mian MK, Neal J, Tritos NA, Nachtigall L, et al. (2012) Transsphenoidal surgery for cushing disease after nondiagnostic inferior petrosal sinus sampling. <i>Neurosurgery<\/i> 71: 14-22.","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31824f8e2e"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Petersenn S, Beckers A, Ferone D, van der Lely A, Bollerslev J, et al. (2015) THERAPY OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Outcomes in patients with Cushing&rsquo;s disease undergoing transsphenoidal surgery: systematic review assessing criteria used to define remission and recurrence. <i>Eur J Endocrinol<\/i> 172: R227-R239.","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-0883"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23. Alwani RA, de Herder WW, van Aken MO, van den Berge JH, Delwel EJ, et al. (2010) Biochemical predictors of outcome of pituitary surgery for Cushing&rsquo;s disease. <i>Neuroendocrinology<\/i> 91: 169-178.","DOI":"10.1159\/000258677"},{"key":"24","unstructured":"24. Blevins LS, Jr., Christy JH, Khajavi M, Tindall GT (1998) Outcomes of therapy for Cushing&rsquo;s disease due to adrenocorticotropin-secreting pituitary macroadenomas. <i>J Clin Endocrinol Metab<\/i> 83: 63-67."},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25. Hammer GD, Tyrrell JB, Lamborn KR, Applebury CB, Hannegan ET, et al. (2004) Transsphenoidal microsurgery for Cushing&rsquo;s disease: initial outcome and long-term results. <i>J Clin Endocrinol Metab<\/i> 89: 6348-6357.","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-032180"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26. Honegger J, Schmalisch K, Beuschlein F, Kaufmann S, Schnauder G, et al. (2012) Contemporary microsurgical concept for the treatment of Cushing&rsquo;s disease: endocrine outcome in 83 consecutive patients. <i>Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)<\/i> 76: 560-567.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.04268.x"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27. Patil CG, Veeravagu A, Prevedello DM, Katznelson L, Vance ML, et al. (2008) Outcomes after repeat transsphenoidal surgery for recurrent Cushing&rsquo;s disease. <i>Neurosurgery<\/i> 63: 266-271.","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000313117.35824.9F"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28. Barbot M, Albiger N, Koutroumpi S, Ceccato F, Frigo AC, et al. (2013) Predicting late recurrence in surgically treated patients with Cushing&rsquo;s disease. <i>Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)<\/i> 79: 394-401.","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12133"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29. Costenaro F, Rodrigues TC, Rollin GA, Ferreira NP, Czepielewski MA (2014) Evaluation of Cushing&rsquo;s disease remission after transsphenoidal surgery based on early serum cortisol dynamics. <i>Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) <\/i>80: 411-418.","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12300"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30. Hameed N, Yedinak CG, Brzana J, Gultekin SH, Coppa ND, et al. (2013) Remission rate after transsphenoidal surgery in patients with pathologically confirmed Cushing&rsquo;s disease, the role of cortisol, ACTH assessment and immediate reoperation: a large single center experience. <i>Pituitary<\/i> 16: 452-458.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-012-0455-z"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"31. Kim JH, Shin CS, Paek SH, Jung HW, Kim SW, et al. (2012) Recurrence of Cushing&rsquo;s disease after primary transsphenoidal surgery in a university hospital in Korea. <i>Endocr J<\/i> 59: 881-888.","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ12-0109"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32. Lindsay JR, Oldfield EH, Stratakis CA, Nieman LK (2011) The postoperative basal cortisol and CRH tests for prediction of long-term remission from Cushing&rsquo;s disease after transsphenoidal surgery. <i>J Clin Endocrinol Metab<\/i> 96: 2057-2064.","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0456"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33. Lonser RR, Wind JJ, Nieman LK, Weil RJ, DeVroom HL, et al. (2013) Outcome of surgical treatment of 200 children with Cushing&rsquo;s disease. <i>J Clin Endocrinol Metab<\/i> 98: 892-901.","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3604"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34. Aghi MK (2008) Management of recurrent and refractory Cushing disease. <i>Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab<\/i> 4: 560-568.","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpendmet0947"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"35. Yamada S, Fukuhara N, Oyama K, Takeshita A, Takeuchi Y (2010) Repeat transsphenoidal surgery for the treatment of remaining or recurring pituitary tumors in acromegaly. <i>Neurosurgery<\/i> 67: 949-956.","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3181ec4379"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"36. Pecori Giraldi F, Andrioli M, De Marinis L, Bianchi A, Giampietro A, et al. (2007) Significant GH deficiency after long-term cure by surgery in adult patients with Cushing&rsquo;s disease. <i>Eur J Endocrinol<\/i> 156: 233-239.","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.02329"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"37. Asai K, Imamura H, Mineharu Y, Tani S, Adachi H, et al. (2015) X-ray angiography perfusion analysis for the balloon occlusion test of the internal carotid artery. <i>J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis<\/i> 24:1506-1512.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.03.012"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"38. Ciric I, Ragin A, Baumgartner C, Pierce D (1997) Complications of transsphenoidal surgery: results of a national survey, review of the literature, and personal experience. <i>Neurosurgery<\/i> 40: 225-237.","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199702000-00001"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"39. Patil CG, Lad SP, Harsh GR, Laws ER, Jr., Boakye M (2007) National trends, complications, and outcomes following transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing&rsquo;s disease from 1993 to 2002. <i>Neurosurg Focus<\/i> 23: E7.","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2007.23.3.9"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"40. George DH, Scheithauer BW, Kovacs K, Horvath E, Young WF, Jr., et al. (2003) Crooke&rsquo;s cell adenoma of the pituitary: an aggressive variant of corticotroph adenoma. <i>Am J Surg Pathol<\/i> 27: 1330-1336.","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200310000-00005"},{"key":"41","unstructured":"41. Trouillas J BA, Watson Jr RE, Lindell EP, Farrell WE, Lloid RV. (2004) ACTH producing adenoma. In: DeLellis RA HP, Eng C (ed) Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of Endocrine Organs. 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