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Tomkin GH, Hadden DR, Weaver JA, Montgomery DA (1971) Vitamin-B12 status of patients on long-term metformin therapy. <i>BMJ<\/i> 2: 685-687.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5763.685"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Ting RZ, Szeto CC, Chan MH, Ma KK, Chow KM (2006) Risk factors of vitamin B<sub>12<\/sub> deficiency in patients receiving metformin. <i>Arch Intern Med<\/i> 166: 1975-1979.","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.18.1975"},{"key":"3","unstructured":"3. de Jager J, Kooy A, Lehert P, Wulffel&eacute; MG, van der Kolk J, Bets D, Verburg J, Donker AJ, Stehouwer CD (2010) Long term treatment with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes and risk of vitamin B-12 deficiency: randomised placebo controlled trial. <i>BMJ<\/i> 340: c2181."},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Reinstatler L, Qi YP, Williamson RS, Garn JV, Oakley GP Jr. (2012) Association of biochemical B12 deficiency with metformin therapy and vitamin B12 supplements: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2006. <i>Diabetes Care<\/i> 35: 327-333.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1582"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Mazokopakis EE, Starakis IK (2012) Recommendations for diagnosis and management of metformin-induced vitamin B12 (Cbl) deficiency. <i>Diabetes Res Clin Pract<\/i> 97: 359-367.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2012.06.001"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Bauman WA, Shaw S, Jayatilleke E, Spungen AM, Herbert V (2000) Increased intake of calcium reverses vitamin B12 malabsorption induced by metformin. <i>Diabetes Care<\/i> 23: 1227-1231.","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.9.1227"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Nielsen MJ, Rasmussen MR, Andersen CB, Nex&oslash; E, Moestrup SK (2012) Vitamin B12 transport from food to the body&rsquo;s cells--a sophisticated, multistep pathway. <i>Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol<\/i> 9: 345-354.","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2012.76"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Selhub J, Miller JW (1992) The pathogenesis of homocysteinemia: interruption of the coordinate regulation by S-adenosylmethionine of the remethylation and transsulfuration of homocysteine. <i>Am J Clin Nutr <\/i>55: 131-138.","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.1.131"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Lentz SR, Haynes WG (2004) Homocysteine: is it a clinically important cardiovascular risk factor? <i>Cleve Clin J Med<\/i> 71: 729-734.","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.71.9.729"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. 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Inzucchi SE, Bergenstal RM, Buse JB, Diamant M, Ferrannini E, Nauck M, Peters AL, Tsapas A, Wender R, Matthews DR; American Diabetes Association (ADA); European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) (2012) Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a patient-centered approach: position statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). <i>Diabetes Care<\/i> 35: 1364-1379.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0413"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. Valuck RJ, Ruscin JM (2004) A case-control study on adverse effects: H2 blocker or proton pump inhibitor use and risk of vitamin B12 deficiency in older adults. <i>J Clin Epidemiol<\/i> 57: 422-428.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2003.08.015"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Kario K, Duell PB, Matsuo T, Sakata T, Kato H, Shimada K, Miyata T (2001) High plasma homocyst(e)ine levels in elderly Japanese patients are associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk independently from markers of coagulation activation and endothelial cell damage. <i>Atherosclerosis<\/i> 157: 441-449.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(00)00738-3"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. Matsuo S, Imai E, Horio M, Yasuda Y, Tomita K, Nitta K, Yamagata K, Tomino Y, Yokoyama H, Hishida A; Collaborators developing the Japanese equation for estimated GFR (2009) Revised equations for estimated GFR from serum creatinine in Japan. <i>Am J Kidney Dis <\/i>53: 982-992.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2008.12.034"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Reichenheim ME, Coutinho ES (2010) Measures and models for causal inference in cross-sectional studies: arguments for the appropriateness of the prevalence odds ratio and related logistic regression. <i>BMC Med Res Methodol<\/i> 10: 66.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-10-66"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. Kos E, Liszek MJ, Emanuele MA, Durazo-Arvizu R, Camacho P (2012) Effect of metformin therapy on vitamin D and vitamin B12 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. <i>Endocr Pract<\/i> 18: 179-184.","DOI":"10.4158\/EP11009.OR"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. Sakuta H, Suzuki T, Yasuda H, Wakiyama H, Hase K (2005) Plasma vitamin B12, folate and homocysteine levels in gastrectomized men. <i>Clin Nutr<\/i> 24: 244-249.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2004.10.006"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Moriyama Y, Okamura T, Kajinami K, Iso H, Inazu A, Kawashiri M, Mizuno M, Takeda Y, Sakamoto Y, Kimura H, Suzuki H, Mabuchi H (2002) Effects of serum B vitamins on elevated plasma homocysteine levels associated with the mutation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene in Japanese. <i>Atherosclerosis<\/i> 164: 321-328.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(02)00105-3"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. Araki A, Sako Y, Ito H (1993) Plasma homocysteine concentrations in Japanese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: effect of parenteral methylcobalamin treatment. <i>Atherosclerosis<\/i> 103: 149-157.","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(93)90258-V"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. Pflipsen MC, Oh RC, Saguil A, Seehusen DA, Seaquist D, Topolski R (2009) The prevalence of vitamin B(12) deficiency in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study. <i>J Am Board Fam Med<\/i> 22: 528-534.","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2009.05.090044"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Lim CP, Loo AV, Khaw KW, Sthaneshwar P, Khang TF, Hassan M, Subrayan V (2012) Plasma, aqueous and vitreous homocysteine levels in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. <i>Br J Ophthalmol<\/i> 96: 704-707.","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2011-301044"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23. Brazionis L, Rowley K Sr, Itsiopoulos C, Harper CA, O&rsquo;Dea K (2008) Homocysteine and diabetic retinopathy. <i>Diabetes Care<\/i> 31: 50-56.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-0632"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24. Wollesen F, Brattstr&ouml;m L, Refsum H, Ueland PM, Berglund L, Berne C (1999) Plasma total homocysteine and cysteine in relation to glomerular filtration rate in diabetes mellitus. <i>Kidney Int<\/i> 55: 1028-1035.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1999.0550031028.x"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25. 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