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Osaka IDDM Study Group. N Engl J Med 342: 301\u2013307.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200002033420501"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"2 Imagawa A, Hanafusa T, Uchigata Y, Kanatsuka A, Kawasaki E, et al. (2003) Fulminant type 1 diabetes: a nationwide survey in Japan. Diabetes Care 26: 2345\u20132352.","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.8.2345"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"3 Kawabata Y, Ikegami H, Awata T, Imagawa A, Maruyama T, et al. (2009) Differential association of HLA with three subtypes of type 1 diabetes: fulminant, slowly progressive and acute-onset. Diabetologia 52: 2513\u20132521.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-009-1539-9"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4 Imagawa A, Hanafusa T (2006) Pathogenesis of fulminant type 1 diabetes. Rev Diabet Stud 3: 169\u2013177.","DOI":"10.1900\/RDS.2006.3.169"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5 Shibasaki S, Imagawa A, Tauriainen S, Iino M, Oikarinen M, et al. (2010) Expression of toll-like receptors in the pancreas of recent-onset fulminant type 1 diabetes. Endocr J 57: 211\u2013219.","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.K09E-291"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6 Gaudy C, Clevy C, Monestier S, Dubois N, Preau Y, et al. (2015) Anti-PD1 pembrolizumab can induce exceptional fulminant type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 38: e182\u2013e183.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-1331"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e137","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-0889","volume":"38","author":"M Mellati","year":"2015","unstructured":"7 Mellati M, Eaton KD, Brooks-Worrell BM, Hagopian WA, Martins R, et al. (2015) Anti-PD-1 and Anti-PDL-1 monoclonal antibodies causing type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 38: e137\u2013e138.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0149-5992","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8 Martin-Liberal J, Furness AJ, Joshi K, Peggs KS, Quezada SA, et al. (2015) Anti-programmed cell death-1 therapy and insulin-dependent diabetes: a case report. Cancer Immunol Immunother 64: 765\u2013767.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-015-1689-1"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e55","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-0401","volume":"38","author":"J Hughes","year":"2015","unstructured":"9 Hughes J, Vudattu N, Sznol M, Gettinger S, Kluger H, et al. (2015) Precipitation of autoimmune diabetes with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Diabetes Care 38: e55\u2013e57.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0149-5992","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"10 Harrison LC, Honeyman MC, DeAizpurua HJ, Schmidli RS, Colman PG, et al. (1993) Inverse relation between humoral and cellular immunity to glutamic acid decarboxylase in subjects at risk of insulin-dependent diabetes. Lancet 341: 1365\u20131369.","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)90940-I"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11 Tsutsumi C, Imagawa A, Ikegami H, Makino H, Kobayashi T, et al. (2012) Class II HLA genotype in fulminant type 1 diabetes: a nationwide survey with reference to glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies. J Diabetes Investig 3: 62\u201369.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2040-1124.2011.00139.x"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12 Itoh A, Shimada A, Kodama K, Morimoto J, Suzuki R, et al. (2004) GAD-reactive T cells were mainly detected in autoimmune-related type 1 diabetic patients with HLA DR9. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1037: 33\u201340.","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1337.006"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"13 Tanaka S, Nishida Y, Aida K, Maruyama T, Shimada A, et al. (2009) Enterovirus infection, CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), and CXCR3 circuit: a mechanism of accelerated beta-cell failure in fulminant type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 58: 2285\u20132291.","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-0091"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14 Simmons KM, Michels AW (2015) Type 1 diabetes: a predictable disease. World J Diabetes 6: 380\u2013390.","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v6.i3.380"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15 Eisenbarth GS (1986) Type I diabetes mellitus. A chronic autoimmune disease. N Engl J Med 314: 1360\u20131368.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198605223142106"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16 Sasamori H, Fukui T, Hayashi T, Yamamoto T, Ohara M, et al. (2018) Analysis of pancreatic volume in acute-onset, slowly-progressive and fulminant type 1 diabetes in a Japanese population. J Diabetes Investig 9: 1091\u20131099.","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12816"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"17 Sayama K, Imagawa A, Okita K, Uno S, Moriwaki M, et al. 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