{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T04:10:41Z","timestamp":1791951041554,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Japan Endocrine Society","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Endocr J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.ej20-0622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]],"date-time":"2021-03-23T22:06:36Z","timestamp":1616537196000},"page":"807-815","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Alkaline phosphatase in pediatric patients with genu varum caused by vitamin D-deficient rickets"],"prefix":"10.1507","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Masashi","family":"Mukai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Minoh City Hospital, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takehisa","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Minoh City Hospital, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinji","family":"Takeyari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhisa","family":"Ohata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taichi","family":"Kitaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuo","family":"Kubota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsusuke","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Metabolism, Osaka Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eri","family":"Kijima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Minoh City Hospital, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Minoh City Hospital, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshimi","family":"Michigami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Osaka Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiichi","family":"Ozono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"386","reference":[{"key":"1","unstructured":"1 Rosenfeld SB (2020) Approach to the child with bow-legs. In: UpToDate, Phillips WA, Drutz JE (Ed), Retrieved August 19, 2020. from https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/approach-to-the-child-with-bow-legs accessed on September 2020."},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2 Levine AM, Drennan JC (1982) Physiological bowing and tibia vara. The metaphyseal-diaphyseal angle in the measurement of bowleg deformities. J Bone Joint Surg Am 64: 1158\u20131163.","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198264080-00006"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3 Sakamoto Y, Ishijima M, Kinoshita M, Liu L, Suzuki M, et al. (2018) Association between leg bowing and serum alkaline phosphatase level regardless of the presence of a radiographic growth plate abnormality in pediatric patients with genu varum. J Bone Mineral Metab 36: 447\u2013453.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-017-0851-6"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4 Schutte JE, Longhurst JC, Gaffney FA, Bastian BC, Blomqvist CG (1981) Total plasma creatinine: an accurate measure of total striated muscle mass. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 51: 762\u2013766.","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1981.51.3.762"},{"key":"5","unstructured":"5 Levine M, Zapalowski C, Kappy M (2005) Disorders of calcium, phosphate, PTH and vitamin D metabolism. In: Kappy MS, Allen DB, Geffner ME (ed), Principles and Practice of Pediatric Endocrinology. Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Springfield, USA: 762."},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6 Fukumoto S, Ozono K, Michigami T, Minagawa M, Okazaki R, et al. (2015) Pathogenesis and diagnostic criteria for rickets and osteomalacia\u2014Proposal by an expert panel supported by Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan, The Japanese Society for Bone and Mineral Research and The Japan Endocrine Society. Endocr J 62: 665\u2013671.","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ15-0289"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7 Uemura O, Honda M, Matsuyama T, Ishikura K, Hataya H (2011) Age, sex, and body length effects on reference serum creatinine levels determined by an enzymatic method in Japanese children: a multicenter study. Clin Exp Nephrol 15: 694\u2013699.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-011-0452-y"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8 Podgorelec V, Kokol P, Stiglic B, Rozman I (2002) Decision trees: an overview and their use in medicine. J Med Syst 26: 445\u2013463.","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016409317640"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9 Casals M, Farr\u00e9s MG, Carrasco JL (2014) Methodological quality and reporting of generalized linear mixed models in clinical medicine (2000\u20132012): a systematic review. PLoS One 9: e112653.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0112653"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10 Beran TN, Violato C (2010) Structural equation models in medical research: a primer. BMC Res Notes 3: 267.","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-3-267"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11 Bentler PM, Stein JA (2010) Structural equation models in medical research. Stat Methods Med Res 1: 159\u2013181.","DOI":"10.1177\/096228029200100203"},{"key":"12","unstructured":"12 Kaplan D, Depaoli S (2012) Bayesian structural equation modeling. In: Hoyle RH (ed), Handbook of structural equation modeling. The Guilford Press, New York, USA: 650\u2013673."},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13 Yamamoto T, Mizoguchi Y, Kaneno H, Yamamoto K, Inoue Y, et al. (2013) Serum immunoglobulin G subclass levels and estimated clinical severity caused by possible influenza A (H1N1) pdm 2009 infection. J Infect Chemother 19: 833\u2013842.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-013-0570-4"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14 Benjamini Y, Hochberg Y (1995) Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J R Stat Soc Series B Stat Methodol 57: 289\u2013300.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15 Specht DF (1991) A general regression neural network. IEEE Trans Neural Netw 2: 568\u2013576.","DOI":"10.1109\/72.97934"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16 Shioji M, Yamamoto T, Ibata T, Tsuda T, Adachi K, et al. (2017) Artificial neural networks to predict future bone mineral density and bone loss rate in Japanese postmenopausal women. BMC Res Notes 10: 590.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-017-2910-4"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17 Azuma J, Yamamoto T, Nitta M, Hasegawa Y, Kijima E, et al. (2020) Structure equation model and neural network analyses to predict coronary artery lesions in Kawasaki disease: a single-centre retrospective study. Sci Rep 10: 11868.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-68657-0"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18 Yamamoto T, Ihashi M, Mizoguchi Y, Kaneno H, Yamamoto K, et al. (2013) Early therapy with neuraminidase inhibitors for influenza A (H1N1) pdm 2009 infection. Pediatr Int 55: 714\u2013721.","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.12154"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19 Karunaratne A, Esapa CR, Hiller J, Boyde A, Head R, et al. (2012) Significant deterioration in nanomechanical quality occurs through incomplete extrafibrillar mineralization in rachitic bone: evidence from <i>in-situ<\/i> synchrotron X-ray scattering and backscattered electron imaging. J Bone Miner Res 27: 876\u2013890.","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1495"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20 Lumachi F, Ermani M, Camozzi V, Tombolan V, Luisetto G (2009) Changes of bone formation markers osteocalcin and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1173 Suppl 1: E60\u2013E63.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.04953.x"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"21 NIH Consensus Development Panel on Osteoporosis Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy (2001) Osteoporosis, prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. JAMA 285: 785\u2013795.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.6.785"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22 Kaji H (2014) Interaction between muscle and bone. J Bone Metab 21: 29\u201340.","DOI":"10.11005\/jbm.2014.21.1.29"},{"key":"23","unstructured":"23 Hart NH, Nimphius S, Rantalainen T, Ireland A, Siafarikas A, et al. (2017) Mechanical basis of bone strength: influence of bone material, bone structure and muscle action. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 17: 114\u2013139."},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24 Turner CH (2008) Skeletal adaptation to mechanical loading. Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab 5: 181\u2013194.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12018-008-9010-x"},{"key":"25","unstructured":"25 Mann V, Huber C, Kogianni G, Jones D, Noble B (2006) The influence of mechanical stimulation on osteocyte apoptosis and bone viability in human trabecular bone. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 6: 408\u2013417."},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26 Nishioka S, Fukuda K, Tanaka S (1993) Cyclic stretch increases alkaline phosphatase activity of osteoblast-like cells: a role for prostaglandin E<sub>2<\/sub>. Bone Miner 21: 141\u2013150.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-6009(08)80016-5"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27 Carmeliet G, Nys G, Bouillon R (2009) Microgravity reduces the differentiation of human osteoblastic MG-63 cells. J Bone Miner Res 12: 786\u2013794.","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1997.12.5.786"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28 Sharma S, Kumar S (2016) Bilateral genu valgum: an unusual presentation of juvenile primary hyperparathyroidism. Oxf Med Case Reports 2016: 141\u2013143.","DOI":"10.1093\/omcr\/omw023"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29 Ratnasingam J, Tan ATB, Vethakkan SR, Paramasivam SS, Ibrahim L, et al. (2013) Primary hyperparathyroidism: a rare cause of genu valgus in adolescence. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98: 869\u2013870.","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3839"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30 Friedl MA, Brodley CE (1997) Decision tree classification of land cover from remotely sensed data. Remote Sens Environ 61: 399\u2013409.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(97)00049-7"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"31 Wang N, Lin X, Gutierrez RG, Carroll RJ (1998) Bias analysis and SIMEX approach in generalized linear mixed measurement error models. J Am Stat Assoc 93: 249\u2013261.","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1998.10474106"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32 Wolf EJ, Harrington KM, Clark SL, Miller MW (2013) Sample size requirements for structural equation models: an evaluation of power, bias, and solution propriety. Educ Psychol Meas 76: 913\u2013934.","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164413495237"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33 Raudys Sj, Jain AK (1991) Small sample size effects in statistical pattern recognition: recommendations for practitioners. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intel 13: 252\u2013264.","DOI":"10.1109\/34.75512"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34 Voloc A, Esterle L, Nguyen TM, Walrant-Debray O, Colofitchi A, et al. (2010) High prevalence of genu varum\/valgum in European children with low vitamin D status and insufficient dairy products\/calcium intakes. Eur J Endocrinol 163: 811\u2013817.","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-10-0434"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"35 Ray CS, Singh B, Jena I, Behera S, Ray S (2017) Low Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) in adult population an indicator of Zinc (Zn) and Magnesium (Mg) deficiency. Curr Res Nutr Food Sci 5: 347\u2013352.","DOI":"10.12944\/CRNFSJ.5.3.20"}],"container-title":["Endocrine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/endocrj\/68\/7\/68_EJ20-0622\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]],"date-time":"2021-07-31T03:48:35Z","timestamp":1627703315000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/endocrj\/68\/7\/68_EJ20-0622\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1507\/endocrj.ej20-0622","relation":{},"ISSN":["0918-8959","1348-4540"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0918-8959","type":"print"},{"value":"1348-4540","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"article-number":"EJ20-0622"}}