{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T17:41:51Z","timestamp":1769276511933,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]],"date-time":"2013-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Tracheal varices and bronchial varices are infrequently reported in adults as a complication of an underlying vascular obstruction, including portal hypertension, pulmonary arterial hypertension, or pulmonary venous hypertension. Tracheal varices and bronchial varices have been reported in adults with failing Fontan physiology, but this occurrence is rare in children. We report the unusual presentation of tracheal-bronchial varices due to veno-venous collaterals in an adolescent patient with Glenn physiology for double-inlet left ventricle and portal hypertension secondary to cardiac cirrhosis. We document complete resolution of these varices after heart and liver transplantation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1513\/annalsats.201208-048bc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,14]],"date-time":"2014-02-14T10:04:03Z","timestamp":1392372243000},"page":"26-30","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A Case of Tracheal Varices in an Adolescent Patient with Cyanotic Heart Disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Evans","family":"Machogu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Pulmonology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Glorilee","family":"Balistrieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Hehir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine and Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Quintero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Pulmonology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012303582069000_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.127.4.377","article-title":"Etiology and management of pediatric hemoptysis","volume":"127","author":"Batra","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"2026012303582069000_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.17.10.344","article-title":"Hemoptysis in children","volume":"17","author":"Pianosi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatr Rev"},{"key":"2026012303582069000_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-009-9788-z","article-title":"Radiological management of hemoptysis: a comprehensive review of diagnostic imaging and bronchial arterial embolization","volume":"33","author":"Chun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"2026012303582069000_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20020","article-title":"Pulmonary hemorrhage\/hemoptysis in children","volume":"37","author":"Godfrey","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"2026012303582069000_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e62","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/23728020","article-title":"A case of tracheal varices: an unusual but important cause of mural nodules in the trachea","volume":"84","author":"Sosa Lozano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"2026012303582069000_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-003-0971-0","article-title":"Hemoptysis: a rare cause can be related to a bronchial varix due to pulmonary venous obstruction","volume":"33","author":"Wiebe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"2026012303582069000_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.135.4.667","article-title":"Unilateral pulmonary vein atresia","volume":"135","author":"Swischuk","year":"1980","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2026012303582069000_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1159\/000088356","article-title":"A case of bronchial varices due to extrahepatic portal hypertension","volume":"74","author":"Nagahiro","year":"2007","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"2026012303582069000_bib9","first-page":"1562","article-title":"Hemoptysis secondary to bronchial varices associated with alcoholic liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension","volume":"89","author":"Youssef","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2026012303582069000_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/S1051-0443(99)70045-X","article-title":"Massive hemoptysis secondary to bronchial collaterals: treatment with use of TIPS and embolization","volume":"10","author":"Mansilla","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"2026012303582069000_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W10","DOI":"10.1097\/RTI.0b013e318205a4a5","article-title":"Tracheal varix in portal hypertension","volume":"27","author":"MacDonald","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Thorac Imaging"},{"key":"2026012303582069000_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/S0954-6111(08)80117-5","article-title":"A case of pulmonary veno-occlusive disease and a new bronchoscopic sign","volume":"84","author":"Matthews","year":"1990","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"2026012303582069000_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.102.3.937","article-title":"Pulmonary venous infarction","volume":"102","author":"Williamson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026012303582069000_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)63716-2","article-title":"Gross and microscopical blood supply of the trachea","volume":"2","author":"Salassa","year":"1977","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2026012303582069000_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.5.3.207","article-title":"An anatomical study of the bronchial vascular system and its variations in disease","volume":"5","author":"Marchand","year":"1950","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2026012303582069000_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1951.03670180027005","article-title":"Hemoptysis in mitral stenosis","volume":"147","author":"Thompson","year":"1951","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026012303582069000_bib17","first-page":"556","article-title":"Massive hemorrhage from bronchial varices in mitral stenosis","volume":"61","author":"Nennhaus","year":"1967","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"2026012303582069000_bib18","first-page":"211","article-title":"Enlargement of the bronchial arteries, and their anastomoses with the pulmonary arteries in bronchiectasis","volume":"25","author":"Liebow","year":"1949","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2026012303582069000_bib19","first-page":"145","article-title":"Life-threatening hemoptysis following the Fontan procedure","volume":"24","author":"Bedard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026012303582069000_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(93)90836-P","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for aortopulmonary collateral vessels after Fontan and bidirectional Glenn procedures","volume":"22","author":"Triedman","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026012303582069000_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-14339","article-title":"Incidence and impact of systemic venous collateral development after Glenn and Fontan procedures","volume":"49","author":"Heinemann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2026012303582069000_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00246-0","article-title":"Systemic venous collateral development after the bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis: prevalence and predictors","volume":"32","author":"Magee","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026012303582069000_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.73.2.182","article-title":"Increasing cyanosis early after cavopulmonary connection caused by abnormal systemic venous channels","volume":"73","author":"Gatzoulis","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"2026012303582069000_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(97)00223-4","article-title":"Systemic venous collateral channels causing desaturation after bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis: evaluation and management","volume":"30","author":"McElhinney","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026012303582069000_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2008.11.010","article-title":"Multidisciplinary management of life-threatening massive hemoptysis: a 10-year experience","volume":"87","author":"Shigemura","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2026012303582069000_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-5231(05)70129-5","article-title":"Role of bronchoscopy in massive hemoptysis","volume":"20","author":"Dweik","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"2026012303582069000_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1273940","article-title":"Bronchial artery embolization for hemoptysis","volume":"28","author":"Sopko","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"2026012303582069000_bib28","article-title":"Bronchial and nonbronchial systemic artery embolization in managing haemoptysis: 31 years of experience","author":"Cornalba","journal-title":"Radiol Med (Torino)"}],"container-title":["Annals of the American Thoracic Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/annalsats\/article-pdf\/10\/1\/26\/66486264\/annalsats_10_1_26.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/annalsats\/article-pdf\/10\/1\/26\/66486264\/annalsats_10_1_26.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T08:59:09Z","timestamp":1769158749000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/annalsats\/article\/10\/1\/26\/8432162"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1513\/annalsats.201208-048bc","relation":{},"ISSN":["2329-6933","2325-6621"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2329-6933","type":"print"},{"value":"2325-6621","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]]}}}