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Because cryptogenic organizing pneumonia is considered an inflammatory disease, it characteristically responds to the broad-spectrum antiinflammatory corticosteroids, although relapse is common on discontinued use. Additionally, long-term use of corticosteroids has many side effects. In severe cases in which corticosteroids have failed, either cytotoxic therapy or macrolide therapy is used. Because of the toxicity and adverse effects of cytotoxic therapy (e.g., cyclophosphamide), this therapy option cannot be used long term in refractory cases. Macrolide therapy has been shown to be an effective antiinflammatory agent that is relatively safe when used on a long-term basis in patients with cryptogenic organizing pneumonia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1513\/annalsats.201308-261cr","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,14]],"date-time":"2014-02-14T10:04:54Z","timestamp":1392372294000},"page":"87-91","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Macrolide Use Leads to Clinical and Radiological Improvement in Patients with Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Vikas","family":"Pathak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judy M.","family":"Kuhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn","family":"Durham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William K.","family":"Funkhouser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C.","family":"Henke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012303555001400_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198501173120304","article-title":"Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia","volume":"312","author":"Epler","year":"1985","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026012303555001400_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.96.5.999","article-title":"Idiopathic bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia. 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