{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T17:40:40Z","timestamp":1769276440504,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]],"date-time":"2014-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The serum procalcitonin assay has emerged as a promising biomarker to distinguish between bacterial and viral respiratory tract infections but has not been used to differentiate coccidioidomycosis from bacterial infection. A correlation between procalcitonin serum levels and coccidioidomycosis has never been reported.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine any association between serum procalcitonin levels and primary pulmonary coccidioidomycosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified and enrolled 20 immunocompetent patients with symptomatic primary pulmonary coccidioidomycosis of &amp;lt; 8 weeks\u2019 duration and performed a one-time procalcitonin assay, with a cutoff of &amp;lt; 0.25 \u03bcg\/L indicating a nonbacterial infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nineteen of 20 patients (95%) had serum procalcitonin of &amp;lt; 0.25 \u03bcg\/L. The median procalcitonin level was 0.05 \u03bcg\/L (range, &amp;lt; 0.05\u20130.87 \u03bcg\/L; interquartile range, 0.05\u20130.05 \u03bcg\/L). Sixteen of 20 patients (80%) had undetectable procalcitonin of &amp;lt; 0.05 \u03bcg\/L. The four patients with detectable procalcitonin had a median value of 0.2 \u03bcg\/L (range, 0.09\u20130.87 \u03bcg\/L).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this pilot study, procalcitonin was not elevated in immunocompetent patients with primary pulmonary coccidioidomycosis at a median of 32 days after symptom onset. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm this finding.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1513\/annalsats.201404-180bc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,28]],"date-time":"2014-08-28T23:23:52Z","timestamp":1409268232000},"page":"1239-1243","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Serum Procalcitonin Levels in Patients with Primary Pulmonary Coccidioidomycosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Kenneth K.","family":"Sakata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Internal Medicine and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas E.","family":"Grys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Hui H.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Holenarasipur R.","family":"Vikram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janis E.","family":"Blair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012303510795000_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5578","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-0854","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo calcitonin I gene expression in parenchymal cells: a novel product of human adipose tissue","volume":"144","author":"Linscheid","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026012303510795000_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2004.01.015","article-title":"Procalcitonin in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)","volume":"48","author":"Chua","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"2026012303510795000_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-011-2189-1","article-title":"Can procalcitonin help identify associated bacterial infection in patients with severe influenza pneumonia? 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