{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T15:41:51Z","timestamp":1778946111235,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]],"date-time":"2015-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diagnosis and treatment of latent tuberculous infection decrease the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in HIV-infected patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the diagnostic yield of two IFN-\u03b3 release assays and tuberculin skin testing for the screening of latent infection in HIV-infected patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a prospective study in 29 referral centers for HIV care in France. Asymptomatic, antiretroviral-naive patients infected with HIV-1 who consented to participate underwent two commercial tests (T-SPOT.TB and QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube ELISA test [QFT]) and skin test at enrollment and were followed up for clinical events during 24 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between March 2009 and 2011, 506 patients were included, of whom 415 performed the three tests. Median age was 38 years (interquartile range, 31\u201345 yr), with median CD4 cell count of 466\/\u03bcL (337\u2013615 \u03bcL), and HIV viral load of 4.5 log10 copies\/ml (3.6\u20134.9 log10 copies\/ml). At least one IFN-\u03b3 release assay was positive for 55 (13.5%) patients: QFT (n\u2009=\u200943), T-SPOT.TB (n\u2009=\u200934), both (n\u2009=\u200922). Skin test was positive (&amp;gt;5 mm) in 66 (15.9%) patients, with intertest agreement at 81 to 86%. On multivariate analysis, positive IFN-\u03b3 release assay was only correlated with country of birth (8.4% for France vs. 17.9% for high-prevalence countries, P\u2009=\u20090.004). Of the 55 patients with positive IFN-\u03b3 release assay, 8 (14.5%) developed active TB, all within 120 days. No other case of active TB was diagnosed. Once active TB was excluded, IFN-\u03b3 release assay\u2013based latent infection prevalence was 11.8%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systematic screening for latent TB infection by IFN-\u03b3 release assay identifies a population at high risk of active TB over the next months. An extensive diagnostic work-up for active TB must follow positive IFN-\u03b3 release assay, before considering treatment of latent infection.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00805272).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1513\/annalsats.201412-600oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,27]],"date-time":"2015-07-27T16:13:22Z","timestamp":1438013602000},"page":"1138-1145","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Latent Tuberculosis Infection Screening and 2-Year Outcome in Antiretroviral-Naive HIV-Infected Patients in a Low-Prevalence Country"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Anne","family":"Bourgarit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Seine Saint Denis, Service de M\u00e9decine Interne, H\u00f4pital Jean Verdier, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Bondy, France"},{"name":"INSERM, U1135, CIMI-Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Baron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Paris-Cit\u00e9 Universit\u00e9s AP-HP, H\u00f4tel-Dieu, Centre d\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie Clinique, Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9, INSERM U1153, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Breton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M\u00e9decine Interne, H\u00f4pital Piti\u00e9 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, AP-HP, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Tattevin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and ICU, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Katlama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, H\u00f4pital Piti\u00e9 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, AP-HP Paris, France"},{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s, UPMC Universit\u00e9 Paris 6, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clotilde","family":"Allavena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, CHU H\u00f4tel Dieu, Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pauline","family":"Campa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, H\u00f4pital Saint Antoine, AP-HP, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Ravaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9, INSERM U1153, Centre d\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie Clinique, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital H\u00f4tel-Dieu, Paris, France, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, French Cochrane Centre, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Lortholary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre d\u2019Infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, H\u00f4pital Necker Enfants Malades, APHP, IHU Imagine, Paris, France; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guislaine","family":"Carcelain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, U1135, CIMI-Paris, France"},{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s, UPMC Universit\u00e9 Paris 6, Paris, France"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement d\u2019Immunologie, H\u00f4pital Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, AP-HP, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012303391432700_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03530020061033","article-title":"Risk factors for tuberculosis in HIV-infected persons: a prospective cohort study. 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