{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T18:14:01Z","timestamp":1793643241716,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]],"date-time":"2015-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The era of bronchoscopy began with Gustav Killian in 1876 when he removed a pork bone from a farmer\u2019s airway, using an esophagoscope. Prompted by this accomplishment, Chevalier Jackson, an American otolaryngologist, laid the platform for the modern-day rigid bronchoscope in the early twentieth century. In 1967 Shigeto Ikeda revolutionized the field of bronchoscopy by his innovation of the fiberoptic bronchoscope. Today, bronchoscopy and interventional pulmonology have become an integral part of pulmonary medicine and an established subspecialty. Numerous innovators have furthered the horizons of this technology. In the early 1980s Ko-Pen Wang introduced transbronchial needle aspiration to sample mediastinal lesions while Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Dumon developed methods for laser photoresection and for placing stents thorough the bronchoscope. More recently, application of endobronchial ultrasound and electromagnetic navigation tools has further galvanized the role of bronchoscopy. The success of lung transplantation also belongs in part to flexible bronchoscopy. Today, researchers are looking into treating emphysema as well as asthma, using bronchoscopic techniques. We believe 2015 is a good time to look back on the history of bronchoscopy and to recognize its major milestones. This article attempts to connect the historical dots in this field of research, with the hope that our effort helps future generations improve the welfare of patients with lung ailments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1513\/annalsats.201502-089ps","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,12]],"date-time":"2015-05-12T14:03:31Z","timestamp":1431439411000},"page":"631-641","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":140,"title":["Historical Perspectives of Bronchoscopy. Connecting the Dots"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Tanmay S.","family":"Panchabhai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atul C.","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib1","article-title":"Philipp Bozzini und die Endoskopie des 19.Jh","author":"Reuter","year":"1988"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib2","article-title":"Beobachtungen \u00fcber die menschliche Stimme","author":"Garcia","year":"1878"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib3","first-page":"476","article-title":"Autoskopie des Larynx und der Trachea (Besichtigung ohne Spiegel)","volume":"22","author":"Kirstein","year":"1895","journal-title":"Berliner Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib4","first-page":"2","author":"Becker","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib5","first-page":"1038","article-title":"Entfernung eines Knochenst\u00fccks aus dem rechten Bronchus auf nat\u00fcrlichem Wege und unter Anwendung der directen Laryngoscopie","volume":"38","author":"Kollofrath","year":"1897","journal-title":"M\u00fcnchener Medizinische Wochenschrift"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib6"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib7","article-title":"Tracheo-bronchoscopy, esophagoscopy and gastroscopy","author":"Jackson","year":"1907"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib8","first-page":"3","author":"Beamis","year":"2013"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib9","first-page":"16","article-title":"History of the flexible bronchoscope","author":"Miyazawa","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.121.5.1695","article-title":"Flexible bronchoscopic management of airway foreign bodies in children","volume":"121","author":"Swanson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.48.2.187","article-title":"Transbronchoscopic lung biopsy in diffuse pulmonary disease","volume":"48","author":"Andersen","year":"1965","journal-title":"Dis Chest"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.62.2.125","article-title":"Transbronchoscopic lung biopsy for diffuse pulmonary diseases: technique and results in 450 cases","volume":"62","author":"Andersen","year":"1972","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib13","first-page":"4","article-title":"Transbronchial lung biopsy via the fiberoptic bronchoscope","volume":"110","author":"Levin","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197508072930603","article-title":"Transbronchial lung biopsy for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis","volume":"293","author":"Koerner","year":"1975","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib15","first-page":"243","article-title":"Mediastinal lymph node puncture through the tracheal carina","volume":"107","author":"Schieppati","year":"1958","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.76.4.492a","article-title":"A new needle for transfiberoptic bronchoscopic use","volume":"76","author":"Oho","year":"1979","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib17","first-page":"17","article-title":"Bronchoscopic needle aspiration biopsy of paratracheal tumors","volume":"118","author":"Wang","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.96.6.1228","article-title":"Transbronchial needle aspiration for histology specimens","volume":"96","author":"Mehta","year":"1989","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948909800412","article-title":"Flexible transbronchial needle aspiration for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis","volume":"98","author":"Wang","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.36.3.175","article-title":"Bronchoscopic management of tracheal lesions using the neodynium yttrium aluminium garnet laser","volume":"36","author":"Toty","year":"1981","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib21","first-page":"335","article-title":"Beitr\u00e4ge zu den Operationen an den Luftwegen","volume":"13","author":"Trendelenburg","year":"1872","journal-title":"Langenbecks Arch Chir"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)16426-9","article-title":"Note on the treatment of tracheal stenosis by a new T-shaped tracheostomy tube","volume":"I","author":"Bond","year":"1891","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1965.00760010322023","article-title":"T-tube tracheal stent","volume":"82","author":"Montgomery","year":"1965","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.97.2.328","article-title":"A dedicated tracheobronchial stent","volume":"97","author":"Dumon","year":"1990","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200410-1388OC","article-title":"Short-term deployment of self-expanding metallic stents facilitates healing of bronchial dehiscence","volume":"172","author":"Mughal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib26","first-page":"177","author":"Lee","year":"2013"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.102.4.1049","article-title":"The role of transbronchial lung biopsy in the treatment of lung transplant recipients: an analysis of 200 consecutive procedures","volume":"102","author":"Trulock","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200808-094GO","article-title":"Airway complications and management after lung transplantation: ischemia, dehiscence, and stenosis","volume":"6","author":"Santacruz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1003156","article-title":"[Endobronchial ultrasound\u2014a new perspective in bronchology.]","volume":"17","author":"Becker","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ultraschall Med"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.47.7.565","article-title":"Endobronchial sonography: feasibility and preliminary results","volume":"47","author":"H\u00fcrter","year":"1992","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-1764","article-title":"Meta-analysis of guided bronchoscopy for the evaluation of the pulmonary nodule","volume":"142","author":"Wang Memoli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.110.2.539","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasonography and real-time guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of solid lesions of the mediastinum suspected of malignancy","volume":"110","author":"Pedersen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib33","first-page":"A577","article-title":"Direct endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration of mediastinal lymph nodes using a new convex probe bronchoscope: a novel approach [abstract]","volume":"167","author":"Yasufuku","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.126.1.122","article-title":"Real-time endobronchial ultrasound\u2013guided transbronchial needle aspiration of mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes","volume":"126","author":"Yasufuku","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"5 Suppl","key":"2026012303394706300_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e211S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-2355","article-title":"Methods for staging non\u2013small cell lung cancer: diagnosis and management of lung cancer, 3rd ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines","volume":"143","author":"Silvestri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.5823","article-title":"Endosonography vs conventional bronchoscopy for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis: the GRANULOMA randomized clinical trial","volume":"309","author":"von Bartheld","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-2339","article-title":"Endobronchial ultrasound\u2013guided transbronchial needle aspiration vs conventional transbronchial needle aspiration in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis","volume":"146","author":"Gupta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.114.5.1405","article-title":"Real-time bronchoscope tip localization enables three-dimensional CT image guidance for transbronchial needle aspiration in swine","volume":"114","author":"Solomon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.129.4.988","article-title":"Real-time electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy to peripheral lung lesions using overlaid CT images: the first human study","volume":"129","author":"Schwarz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200603-344OC","article-title":"Electromagnetic navigation diagnostic bronchoscopy: a prospective study","volume":"174","author":"Gildea","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1209120","article-title":"Results of initial low-dose computed tomographic screening for lung cancer","volume":"368","author":"Church","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01282.2003","article-title":"Reduction in airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine by the application of RF energy in dogs","volume":"97","author":"Danek","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.00054604","article-title":"Radiofrequency ablation of airway smooth muscle for sustained treatment of asthma: preliminary investigations","volume":"24","author":"Cox","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200507-1162OC","article-title":"Bronchial thermoplasty for asthma","volume":"173","author":"Cox","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.08.009","article-title":"Bronchial thermoplasty: long-term safety and effectiveness in patients with severe persistent asthma","volume":"132","author":"Wechsler","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030287","article-title":"A randomized trial comparing lung-volume-reduction surgery with medical therapy for severe emphysema","volume":"348","author":"Fishman","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12762-6","article-title":"Bronchoscopic volume reduction with valve implants in patients with severe emphysema","volume":"361","author":"Toma","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2006.06.051","article-title":"A multicenter trial of an intrabronchial valve for treatment of severe emphysema","volume":"133","author":"Wood","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0900928","article-title":"A randomized study of endobronchial valves for advanced emphysema","volume":"363","author":"Sciurba","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.130.1.273","article-title":"Use of a removable endobronchial valve for the treatment of bronchopleural fistula","volume":"130","author":"Feller-Kopman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-0730","article-title":"Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction coil treatment of patients with severe heterogeneous emphysema","volume":"142","author":"Slebos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00128594-199401000-00001","article-title":"The American Association for Bronchology and the Journal of Bronchology","volume":"1","author":"Prakash","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Bronchol"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1097\/LBR.0b013e318272bd38","article-title":"A remarkable time for the American Association for Bronchology and Interventional Pulmonology","volume":"19","author":"Sterman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200605-684OC","article-title":"In vivo imaging of the bronchial wall microstructure using fibered confocal fluorescence microscopy","volume":"175","author":"Thiberville","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026012303394706300_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1411374","article-title":"Airway fistula closure after stem-cell infusion","volume":"372","author":"Petrella","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Annals of the American Thoracic Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/annalsats\/article-pdf\/12\/5\/631\/66488438\/annalsats_12_5_631.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/annalsats\/article-pdf\/12\/5\/631\/66488438\/annalsats_12_5_631.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T08:39:58Z","timestamp":1769157598000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/annalsats\/article\/12\/5\/631\/8429352"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1513\/annalsats.201502-089ps","relation":{},"ISSN":["2329-6933","2325-6621"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2329-6933","type":"print"},{"value":"2325-6621","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]]}}}