{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T03:03:46Z","timestamp":1791601426156,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]],"date-time":"2016-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immunocompromised patients are at high risk for developing severe sepsis. Currently, there are no validated strategies for identifying this group of patients in large administrative databases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We set out to define and validate a method that could be used to identify immunocompromised patients with severe sepsis in administrative databases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients were categorized as immunocompromised based on the presence of International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision discharge diagnosis codes and medication data. We validated this strategy by comparing the discriminatory ability of the search algorithm to that of manual chart review.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Measurements and Main Results: We identified 4,438 patients at a single academic center with severe sepsis using a definition applied to administrative data described by Angus and colleagues. There were 1,185 (26.7%) who were categorized as immunocompromised based on our novel administrative data search strategy. Compared with identification by medical record review, the new administrative data search strategy had positive and negative predictive values of 94.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 88.8\u201397.7%) and 94.3% (95% CI, 91.0\u201396.6%). The sensitivity and specificity were 87.4% (95% CI, 80.6\u201392.5%) and 97.6% (95% CI, 95.0\u201399.9%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients who are immunosuppressed are a large subgroup of those with severe sepsis. Following its validation as a search strategy using other large databases, and its adaptation for International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, this novel method may allow researchers to account for a patient\u2019s immune state when examining outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1513\/annalsats.201507-415bc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,9]],"date-time":"2015-12-09T20:31:17Z","timestamp":1449693077000},"page":"253-258","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Validation of a Method to Identify Immunocompromised Patients with Severe Sepsis in Administrative Databases"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jared A.","family":"Greenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel F.","family":"Hohmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University HealthSystem Consortium, Oak Brook, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesse B.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"Kress","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael Z.","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020402573235000_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31827c09f8","article-title":"Benchmarking the incidence and mortality of severe sepsis in the United States","volume":"41","author":"Gaieski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026020402573235000_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540902962756","article-title":"Risk factors for death after sepsis in patients immunosuppressed before the onset of sepsis","volume":"41","author":"Poutsiaka","year":"2009","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026020402573235000_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-2618","article-title":"Sepsis severe or septic shock: outcome according to immune status and immunodeficiency profile","volume":"146","author":"Tolsma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026020402573235000_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200107000-00002","article-title":"Epidemiology of severe sepsis in the United States: analysis of incidence, outcome, and associated costs of care","volume":"29","author":"Angus","year":"2001","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026020402573235000_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201311-1967OC","article-title":"Hospital case volume and outcomes among patients hospitalized with severe sepsis","volume":"189","author":"Walkey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026020402573235000_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201301-0036CP","article-title":"Immunotherapy for the adjunctive treatment of sepsis: from immunosuppression to immunostimulation. 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