{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T15:37:30Z","timestamp":1770824250576,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]],"date-time":"2016-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Interstitial lung diseases, especially lymphoproliferative disorders such as follicular bronchiolitis and lymphoid interstitial pneumonia, are commonly seen in association with Sj\u00f6gren syndrome. Although the predominant computed tomographic (CT) findings in patients with lymphoid interstitial pneumonia\/follicular bronchiolitis include poorly defined centrilobular nodules and ground-glass attenuation, cystic changes can be seen in approximately two-thirds of these patients. The objective of this study was to define the clinical, radiological, and histopathological features of cyst-predominant lymphoid interstitial pneumonia\/follicular bronchiolitis in patients with Sj\u00f6gren syndrome. We present four patients who were referred to our institution with diffuse cystic changes on chest CT imaging. All four had a presumptive diagnosis of lymphangioleiomyomatosis but were subsequently found to have Sj\u00f6gren syndrome. The diagnosis was established based on the clinical symptoms of xerostomia and xerophthalmia along with serologic detection of antinuclear antibodies, rheumatoid factor, anti-Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome\u2013related antigen A (SSA)\/Ro antibodies, and anti-Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome\u2013related antigen B (SSB)\/La antibodies. The cystic pattern associated with Sj\u00f6gren syndrome had a characteristic appearance on chest CT images. Typical features included a wide variation in cyst size, internal structure within cysts, geographic simplification of parenchymal architecture producing a \u201cdissolving lung appearance,\u201d perivascular and often basilar-predominant distribution, and frequent association with ground-glass opacities and nodules. In a compatible clinical context, we submit that these findings can be sufficiently distinctive to obviate the need for lung biopsy, even in the absence of confirmatory serological studies or lip biopsy. Clinicians should consider occult Sj\u00f6gren syndrome in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with idiopathic diffuse cystic lung disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1513\/annalsats.201511-759bc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,7]],"date-time":"2016-01-07T12:22:13Z","timestamp":1452169333000},"page":"371-375","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Diffuse Cystic Lung Disease as the Presenting Manifestation of Sj\u00f6gren Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9112-1315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nishant","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn A.","family":"Wikenheiser-Brokamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, 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