{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T14:31:16Z","timestamp":1784903476646,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among infectious diseases, tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Accumulated knowledge has revealed that macrophages are deeply involved in the progression and pathogenesis of TB. We hypothesized that the evaluation of a macrophage activation marker may be useful in the diagnosis and assessment of pulmonary TB.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the utility of the macrophage activation marker soluble CD163 (sCD163) as a diagnostic tool and measure of disease severity for pulmonary TB and tuberculous pleurisy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We compared the concentration of sCD163 in serum samples of 180 patients with active pulmonary TB with concentrations in serum samples of 45 age- and sex-matched control subjects. We also measured sCD163 in pleural fluid samples of 100 patients with pleural disease, including 31 patients with tuberculous pleurisy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found increased serum concentrations of sCD163 in patients with active pulmonary TB compared with those of control subjects (1,643\u2009\u00b1\u20091,737 ng\/ml vs. 533.9\u2009\u00b1\u200949.3 ng\/ml; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.0001). sCD163 levels were also higher in pleural fluid samples of patients with pulmonary TB than in those of patients with non-TB pleurisy (5,239\u2009\u00b1\u20092,436 ng\/ml vs. 2,877\u2009\u00b1\u20091,191 ng\/ml; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.0001). The levels of sCD163 in pleural effusions were significantly higher than serum levels obtained simultaneously from the same patients, particularly for patients with tuberculous pleurisy. Patients with a serum level of sCD163 above 1,300 ng\/ml, had a mortality rate that was five times higher than that of patients with a lower sCD163 level (44.6% vs. 6.6%; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.0001 by log-rank test). Microscopic examination of lung and pleural tissue samples showed concordance of enhanced CD163 expression with the presence of caseating granulomas in tissue obtained from patients with TB.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The macrophage activation marker CD163 was increased in patients with active pulmonary TB compared with age- and sex-matched control subjects. Increased levels of sCD163 were associated with increased mortality in patients with pulmonary TB. sCD163 also showed promise as a diagnostic tool for tuberculous pleurisy. These results warrant further study of sCD163 as a potentially useful biomarker for the diagnosis and assessment of pulmonary TB.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical trial registered with www.umin.ac.jp\/ctr\/index-j.htm (UMIN000003400).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1513\/annalsats.201607-528oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,29]],"date-time":"2016-09-29T15:33:48Z","timestamp":1475163228000},"page":"57-64","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Utility of Macrophage-activated Marker CD163 for Diagnosis and Prognosis in Pulmonary Tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yuzo","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Shirai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine, Tenryu Hospital, National 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and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Inui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshihiro","family":"Shirai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Hayakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine, Tenryu Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Hamamatsu, Japan; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Baba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, 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