{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T23:49:06Z","timestamp":1788306546542,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rational<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Several studies have found higher risks for childhood respiratory illness, associated with exposure to particulate matter (PM) less than 10 \u03bcm in diameter (PM10) and PM2.5 and gaseous pollution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed the association between air pollution and hospitalizations due to bronchiolitis, an obstructive pulmonary disorder, commonly caused by respiratory syncytial virus infant infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were obtained from a local tertiary medical center providing services for a population of 700,000 comprising two ethnic groups: predominantly urban Jews and rural Bedouin Arabs. The latter group includes 30% residing in unrecognized villages in a temporary dwelling. We included all infants (0\u20132 yr) hospitalized with bronchiolitis between 2003 and 2013. Daily PM estimates were obtained from a satellite-based model incorporating daily remote sensing data and assigned to the family residence locality. Other air pollutants and meteorological parameters were obtained from a local monitoring site. We used case\u2013crossover models with adjustment for temperature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 4,069 bronchiolitis hospitalizations (3,889 children), with 55.3% being Bedouin Arabs, of whom 16.8% resided in temporary dwellings. An increase in interquartile range of average weekly air pollutants was associated with an increased odds of bronchiolitis (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]): PM10 (1.06 [1.02\u20131.09]), PM2.5 (1.04 [1.02\u20131.06]) and nitrogen dioxide (1.36 [1.12\u20131.65]). Higher effect-estimates for PM were observed among Bedouin Arabs residing in temporary dwellings (1.14 [1.01\u20131.30] and 1.07 [1.01\u20131.15]) compared with Jewish individuals (1.05 [0.99\u20131.11] and 1.03 [1.01\u20131.07]) and other Bedouin Arabs (1.05 [1.01\u20131.10] and 1.03 [1.01\u20131.07]), and among males (1.11 [1.06\u20131.16] and 1.06 [1.03\u20131.09]) compared with females (0.99 [0.94\u20131.05] and 1.01 [0.97\u20131.04]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High PM levels were positively associated with bronchiolitis. The stronger associations among Bedouin Arabs may be related to higher pollution infiltration and exposure in residents of temporary dwellings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1513\/annalsats.201703-191oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,8]],"date-time":"2017-08-08T16:43:38Z","timestamp":1502210618000},"page":"1796-1802","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Air Pollution and Hospitalization for Bronchiolitis among Young Children"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Maayan","family":"Yitshak-Sade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dror","family":"Yudovitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Novack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asher","family":"Tal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Itai","family":"Kloog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aviv","family":"Goldbart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020403025775100_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1413456","article-title":"Viral bronchiolitis in children","volume":"374","author":"Meissner","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026020403025775100_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-2223","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of bronchiolitis","volume":"118","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics Subcommittee on Diagnosis and Management of Bronchiolitis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2026020403025775100_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e341","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-0303","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus\u2013associated hospitalizations among children less than 24 months of age","volume":"132","author":"Hall","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2026020403025775100_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0804877","article-title":"The burden of respiratory syncytial virus infection in young children","volume":"360","author":"Hall","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026020403025775100_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1405870","article-title":"Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization among U.S. children","volume":"372","author":"Jain","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026020403025775100_bib6","first-page":"105","article-title":"Wood-burning stoves and lower respiratory tract infection in American Indian children","volume":"144","author":"Morris","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child (1960)"},{"key":"2026020403025775100_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31822e68e6","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus\u2013associated hospitalizations among infants and young children in the United States, 1997\u20132006","volume":"31","author":"Stockman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2026020403025775100_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.60.8.612","article-title":"Oxidative stress: its role in air pollution and adverse health effects","volume":"60","author":"Kelly","year":"2003","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"2026020403025775100_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.11848","article-title":"The effects of fine particle components on respiratory hospital admissions in children","volume":"117","author":"Ostro","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026020403025775100_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pu.15.050194.000543","article-title":"Acute respiratory effects of particulate air pollution","volume":"15","author":"Dockery","year":"1994","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"key":"2026020403025775100_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e235","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-2012","article-title":"Coarse particulate matter and hospitalization for respiratory infections in children younger than 15 years in Toronto: a case\u2013crossover analysis","volume":"116","author":"Lin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2026020403025775100_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwu002","article-title":"Indoor exposure to particulate matter and age at first acute lower respiratory infection in a low-income urban community in Bangladesh","volume":"179","author":"Gurley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026020403025775100_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.11.006","article-title":"Infant exposure to fine particulate matter and traffic and risk of hospitalization for RSV bronchiolitis in a region with lower ambient air pollution","volume":"109","author":"Karr","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"2026020403025775100_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000142153.28496.d0","article-title":"Fine particulate matter and wheezing illnesses in the first year of life","volume":"15","author":"Pino","year":"2004","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"2026020403025775100_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2007.05.003","article-title":"Winter air pollution and infant bronchiolitis in Paris","volume":"106","author":"S\u00e9gala","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"2026020403025775100_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.4103\/ATMPH.ATMPH_75_17","article-title":"A case crossover analysis of primary air pollutants association on acute respiratory infection (ARI) among children in urban region of Klang valley, Malaysia","volume":"10","author":"Rahman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health"},{"key":"2026020403025775100_bib17","volume-title":"Air quality guidelines for particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide: global update 2005: summary of risk assessment","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026020403025775100_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn074","article-title":"Does temperature modify the association between air pollution and mortality? A multicity case\u2013crossover analysis in Italy","volume":"167","author":"Stafoggia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026020403025775100_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00078614","article-title":"Non-anthropogenic dust exposure and asthma medication purchase in children","volume":"45","author":"Yitshak-Sade","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2026020403025775100_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.10.1127","article-title":"Fine particulate air pollution and hospital admission for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases","volume":"295","author":"Dominici","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026020403025775100_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2014.07.014","article-title":"A new hybrid spatio-temporal model for estimating daily multi-year PM2.5 concentrations across northeastern USA using high resolution aerosol optical depth data","volume":"95","author":"Kloog","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"2026020403025775100_bib22","first-page":"116","article-title":"Multiangle implementation of atmospheric correction (MAIAC): 2. Aerosol algorithm","volume":"16","author":"Lyapustin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Geophys Res, D, Atmospheres"},{"key":"2026020403025775100_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115853","article-title":"The case\u2013crossover design: a method for studying transient effects on the risk of acute events","volume":"133","author":"Maclure","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026020403025775100_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000181315.18836.9d","article-title":"Case\u2013crossover analyses of air pollution exposure data: referent selection strategies and their implications for bias","volume":"16","author":"Janes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"2026020403025775100_bib25","first-page":"619","article-title":"Air pollutant\u2013enhanced respiratory disease in experimental animals","volume":"109","author":"Gilmour","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026020403025775100_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2004.07.003","article-title":"Do environmental pollutants influence the onset of respiratory syncytial virus epidemics or disease severity?","volume":"5","author":"Bhatt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Paediatr Respir Rev"},{"key":"2026020403025775100_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2002-0100OC","article-title":"Increased susceptibility to RSV infection by exposure to inhaled diesel engine emissions","volume":"28","author":"Harrod","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"2026020403025775100_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfg032","article-title":"Ultrafine carbon black particles enhance respiratory syncytial virus\u2013induced airway reactivity, pulmonary inflammation, and chemokine expression","volume":"72","author":"Lambert","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"2026020403025775100_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1006\/enrs.1999.3963","article-title":"Effect of nitrogen dioxide on respiratory viral infection in airway epithelial cells","volume":"81","author":"Becker","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"2026020403025775100_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201002-0296OC","article-title":"Desert dust exposure is associated with increased risk of asthma hospitalization in children","volume":"182","author":"Kanatani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026020403025775100_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2006.031500","article-title":"The effect of sandstorms and air pollution on cause-specific hospital admissions in Taipei, Taiwan","volume":"65","author":"Bell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"2026020403025775100_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","article-title":"Medical geology: dust exposure and potential health risks in the Middle East","author":"Lyles","DOI":"10.1142\/9789814327503_0045"},{"key":"2026020403025775100_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2015.12.009","article-title":"Repeated exposures to roadside particulate matter extracts suppresses pulmonary defense mechanisms, resulting in lipid and protein oxidative damage","volume":"210","author":"Pardo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"2026020403025775100_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2014.09.006","article-title":"Exposure to particular matter increases susceptibility to respiratory Staphylococcus aureus infection in rats via reducing pulmonary natural killer cells","volume":"325","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"2026020403025775100_bib35","first-page":"60","article-title":"Reduced gene expression levels after chronic exposure to high concentrations of air pollutants","volume":"780","author":"Rossner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"2026020403025775100_bib36","volume-title":"Nelson textbook of pediatrics","author":"Kliegman","year":"2016"},{"key":"2026020403025775100_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199305000-00006","article-title":"Hospitalization of Jewish and Bedouin infants in southern Israel for bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus","volume":"12","author":"Dagan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2026020403025775100_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-5-3","article-title":"Defining localities of inadequate treatment for childhood asthma: a GIS approach","volume":"5","author":"Peled","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Health Geogr"},{"key":"2026020403025775100_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1186\/s40064-015-1134-0","article-title":"Can cell proliferation of umbilical cord blood cells reflect environmental exposures?","volume":"4","author":"Novack","year":"2015","journal-title":"Springerplus"},{"key":"2026020403025775100_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.06.104","article-title":"Relationship of ambient air pollutants and hazardous household factors with birth weight among Bedouin-Arabs","volume":"160","author":"Yitshak-Sade","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chemosphere"}],"container-title":["Annals of the American Thoracic Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/annalsats\/article-pdf\/14\/12\/1796\/66715597\/annalsats_14_12_1796.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/annalsats\/article-pdf\/14\/12\/1796\/66715597\/annalsats_14_12_1796.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T08:03:10Z","timestamp":1770192190000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/annalsats\/article\/14\/12\/1796\/8453713"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1513\/annalsats.201703-191oc","relation":{},"ISSN":["2329-6933","2325-6621"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2329-6933","type":"print"},{"value":"2325-6621","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]]}}}