{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T23:38:37Z","timestamp":1775259517843,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The use of real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the evaluation during sleep-related respiratory events can lead to better understanding of airway dynamics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the dynamic anatomy of the upper airway during central apnea.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study included obese adolescents who snore and were otherwise healthy. Subjects underwent an overnight baseline polysomnogram. Subjects slept during a 24-minute real-time upper airway MRI scan wearing a full face mask attached to a pneumotach. Sleep versus wakefulness during the MRI was inferred from the heart rate and respiratory patterns. Central apneas were scored using tracings of facemask airflow and abdominal bellows. The cross-sectional area of the upper airway before, during, and after each central apnea event was recorded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eight subjects were studied and 57 central apnea events were observed during real-time MRI scanning during natural sleep. The median age of subjects was 14.0 years (interquartile range [IQR], 13.5 to 15.5). The median average reduction in cross-sectional area during central apnea events was \u221238% (IQR, \u221227 to \u221251) for primary snorers and \u221245% (IQR, \u221240 to \u221254) for subjects with obstructive sleep apnea. The percentage decrease in cross-sectional area of upper airway during a central apnea event was positively correlated to the length of the central apnea (\u03c1\u2009=\u20090.389; r \u00a02\u2009=\u20090.152; P\u2009=\u20090.003).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We observed that there is upper airway narrowing during central apneas during natural sleep in obese adolescent subjects, using real-time MRI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1513\/annalsats.201806-412oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,29]],"date-time":"2018-10-29T11:18:42Z","timestamp":1540811922000},"page":"1465-1471","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Upper Airway Narrowing during Central Apnea in Obese Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Roberta M.","family":"Kato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoon-Chul","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Biswas","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shirleen","family":"Loloyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Choo Phei","family":"Wee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatictics Core, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziyue","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Winston H.","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas G.","family":"Keens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael C. 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