{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T02:36:49Z","timestamp":1789439809250,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Pei Yu Ji Jin of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University","award":["PYJJ201707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PYJJ201707"]}]},{"name":"Pei Yu Ji Jin of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University","award":["PYJJ201707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PYJJ201707"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.atsjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The etiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) may play an important role in the failure of noninvasive ventilation (NIV).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore the association between ARDS etiology and risk of NIV failure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A multicenter prospective observational study was performed in 17 intensive care units in China from September 2017 to December 2019. Patients with ARDS who used NIV as a first-line therapy were enrolled. The etiology of ARDS was recorded at study entry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 306 patients were enrolled. Of the patients, 146 were classified as having pulmonary ARDS (ARDSp) and 160 were classified as having extrapulmonary ARDS (ARDSexp). From initiation to 24 hours of NIV, the respiratory rate, heart rate, arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2)\/fraction of inspired oxygen (Fi \u00a0O2), and arterial carbon dioxide pressure improved slower in patients with ARDSp than those with ARDSexp. Patients with ARDSp experienced more NIV failure (55% vs. 28%; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01) and higher 28-day mortality (47% vs. 14%; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01). The adjusted odds ratios of NIV failure and 28-day mortality were 5.47 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.04\u20139.86) and 10.13 (95% CI, 5.01\u201320.46), respectively. In addition, we combined the presence of ARDSp, presence of septic shock, age, nonpulmonary sequential organ failure assessment score, respiratory rate at 1\u20132 hours of NIV, and PaO2\/Fi \u00a0O2 at 1\u20132 h of NIV to develop a risk score of NIV failure. With the increase of the risk score, the rate of NIV failure increased. The area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.79\u20130.89) and 0.81 (0.69\u20130.92) in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. Using 5.5 as cutoff value to predict NIV failure, the sensitivity and specificity was good.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among patients with ARDS who used NIV as a first-line therapy, ARDSp was associated with slower improvement, more NIV failure, and higher 28-day mortality than ARDSexp. The risk score combined presence of ARDSp, presence of septic shock, age, nonpulmonary sequential organ failure assessment score, respiratory rate at 1\u20132 hours of NIV, and PaO2\/Fi \u00a0O2 at 1\u20132 hours of NIV has high accuracy to predict NIV failure among ARDS population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1513\/annalsats.202102-161oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]],"date-time":"2021-07-21T16:56:43Z","timestamp":1626886603000},"page":"255-263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/crossmarkpolicies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Association between ARDS Etiology and Risk of Noninvasive Ventilation Failure"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Shu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yongchuan, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuliang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuxun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ICU and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bicui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Bishan Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongxing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Central Hospital of Dazhou, Dazhou, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baixu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liucun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dehua","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qimin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bilin","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manyun","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traditional Medicine and Rehabilitation, the Chest Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guodan","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Chonqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China; 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