{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T22:42:30Z","timestamp":1775083350017,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1209,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017412","name":"Becton, Dickinson and Company","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017412","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017412","name":"Becton, Dickinson and Company","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017412","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.atsjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tunneled, indwelling pleural catheters (IPCs) have been demonstrated to be an effective method of managing malignant pleural effusions. However, they allow pleurodesis and can therefore be removed in only a subset of patients. A novel, silver nitrate\u2013coated IPC was developed with the intention of creating a rapid, effective chemical pleurodesis to allow more frequent and earlier catheter removal. This study represents the pivotal clinical trial evaluating that catheter versus the standard IPC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the efficacy of a novel silver nitrate\u2013eluting indwelling pleural catheter (SNCIPC) with that of a standard, uncoated catheter.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The SWIFT [A Pivotal Multi-Center, Randomized, Controlled, Single-Blinded Study Comparing the Silver Nitrate-Coated Indwelling Pleural Catheter (SNCIPC) to the Uncoated PleurX\u00ae Pleural Catheter for the Management of Symptomatic, Recurrent, Malignant Pleural Effusions] trial was a multicenter, parallel-group, randomized, controlled, patient-blind trial. Central randomization occurred according to a computer-generated schedule, stratified by site. Recruitment was from 17 secondary or tertiary care hospitals in the United States and 3 in the United Kingdom and included adult patients with malignant pleural effusion needing drainage, without evidence of lung entrapment or significant loculation. The intervention group underwent insertion of an SNCIPC with maximal fluid drainage, followed by a tapering drainage schedule. The control group received a standard, uncoated catheter. Follow-up was conducted until 90 days. The primary outcome measure was pleurodesis efficacy, measured by fluid drainage, at 30 days.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 119 patients were randomized. Five withdrew before receiving treatment, leaving 114 (77 SNCIPC, 37 standard IPC) for analysis. The mean age was 66 years (standard deviation, 11). More patients in the SNCIPC group were inpatients (39% vs. 14%; P\u2009=\u20090.009). For the primary outcome, pleurodesis rates were 12 (32%) of 37 in the control group and 17 (22%) of 77 in the SNCIPC group (rate difference, \u22120.10; 95% confidence interval, \u22120.30 to 0.09). Median time to pleurodesis was 11 days (interquartile range, 9 to 23) in the control group and 4 days (interquartile range, 2 to 15) in the SNCIPC group. No significant difference in treatment-related adverse event rates was noted between groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The SNCIPC did not improve pleurodesis efficacy compared with a standard IPC. This study does not support the wider use of the SNCIPC device.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02649894).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1513\/annalsats.202111-1301oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T13:58:18Z","timestamp":1648821498000},"page":"1722-1729","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/crossmarkpolicies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Silver Nitrate\u2013coated versus Standard Indwelling Pleural Catheter for Malignant Effusions: The SWIFT Randomized Trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Joseph B.","family":"Shrager","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California"},{"name":"Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3906-1997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahul","family":"Bhatnagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Respiratory Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom"},{"name":"North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine T.","family":"Kearney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Becton, Dickinson and Company, Vernon Hills, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathan P.","family":"Retzlaff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Becton, Dickinson and Company, Vernon Hills, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evan","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huntsville Heart Center Research, Huntsville, Alabama"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew E.","family":"Stanton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Colleen","family":"Keyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Momen M.","family":"Wahidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Gillespie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Najib","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony L.","family":"Kerry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Feller-Kopman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Nader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Tulsa, Oklahoma"},{"name":"Southwestern Regional Medical Center, Tulsa, Oklahoma"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Akulian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California"},{"name":"Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adnan","family":"Majid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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