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Why extremes of BMI might increase risk of death is unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To estimate the association of extremes of BMI with causes of death after transplantation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a retrospective study of the United Network for Organ Sharing database, including 26,721 adults who underwent lung transplantation in the United States between May 4, 2005, and December 2, 2020. We mapped 76 reported causes of death into 16 distinct groups. We estimated cause-specific hazards for death from each cause using Cox models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Relative to a subject with a BMI of 24 kg\/m2, a subject with a BMI of 16 kg\/m2 had 38% (hazard ratio [HR], 1.38; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.99\u20131.90), 82% (HR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.34\u20132.46), and 62% (HR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.18\u20132.22) increased hazards of death from acute respiratory failure, chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD), and infection, respectively, and a subject with a BMI of 36 kg\/m2 had 44% (HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 0.97\u20132.12), 42% (HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 0.93\u20132.15), and 185% (HR, 2.85; 95% CI, 1.28\u20136.33) increased hazards of death from acute respiratory failure, CLAD, and primary graft dysfunction, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low BMI is associated with increased risk of death from infection, acute respiratory failure, and CLAD after lung transplantation, whereas high BMI is associated with increased risk of death from primary graft dysfunction, acute respiratory failure, and CLAD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1513\/annalsats.202207-613oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T15:04:51Z","timestamp":1680188691000},"page":"825-833","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/crossmarkpolicies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Body Mass Index and Cause-Specific Mortality after Lung Transplantation in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9274-7643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michaela R.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ed","family":"Cantu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Shashaty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Benvenuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurel","family":"Kalman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott M.","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0224-7472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan P.","family":"Singer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Gallop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics, West Chester University, West Chester, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua M.","family":"Diamond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesse","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Russell","family":"Localio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason D.","family":"Christie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012203271214200_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200903-0425OC","article-title":"Obesity and underweight are associated with an increased risk of death after lung transplantation","volume":"180","author":"Lederer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care 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