{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T07:30:34Z","timestamp":1794468634669,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01 HL091528"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL091528"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["UH3 OD023268"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3 OD023268"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["K08HL148178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08HL148178"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["T32 HL007427"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 HL007427"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.atsjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The role and timing of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention of asthma has not been fully elucidated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the association between prenatal and postnatal vitamin D with offspring asthma outcomes in participants of the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We classified 748 mother\u2013offspring pairs into four groups based on the mother\u2019s randomization to receive high-dose versus low-dose (4,400\u2009IU vs. 400\u2009IU) vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy and the offspring parent-reported high-dose versus low-dose (\u2a7e400\u2009IU vs. &amp;lt;400\u2009IU) vitamin D supplementation as estimated by intake of vitamin D drops or infant formula. We used logistic regression to test the association of the four vitamin D exposure groups\u2014\u201cmother-low\/infant-low (reference),\u201d \u201cmother-high\/infant-high,\u201d \u201cmother-high\/infant-low,\u201d and \u201cmother-low\/infant-high\u201d\u2014with offspring asthma and\/or recurrent wheeze at age 3\u2009years, active asthma at age 6\u2009years, and atopic asthma at age 6\u2009years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The risk of asthma and\/or recurrent wheeze at 3\u2009years was lowest in the mother-high\/infant-low group (adjusted odds ratio vs. mother-low\/infant-low, 0.39; 95% confidence interval, 0.16\u20130.88, P\u2009=\u20090.03). When stratifying by history of exclusive breastfeeding until age 4 months, the protective effect in the mother-high\/infant-low group was seen only among exclusively breastfed infants (odds ratio vs. mother-low\/infant-low, 0.19; 95% confidence interval, 0.04\u20130.68; P\u2009=\u20090.02). We did not observe any significant associations with active or atopic asthma at age 6\u2009years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We observe that high-dose prenatal and low-dose postnatal vitamin D supplementation may be associated with reduced offspring asthma or recurrent wheeze by age 3\u2009years, but this association may be confounded by the protective effect of breastfeeding.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1513\/annalsats.202306-504oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,6]],"date-time":"2023-12-06T09:12:20Z","timestamp":1701853940000},"page":"279-286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/crossmarkpolicies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Association of Prenatal Maternal and Infant Vitamin D Supplementation with Offspring Asthma"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Lourdes G.","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine and"},{"name":"Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Lee-Sarwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine and"},{"name":"Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3023-1822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel S.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott T.","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Augusto A.","family":"Litonjua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Golisano Children\u2019s Hospital at Strong, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012203140153400_bib1","author":"U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2022"},{"key":"2026012203140153400_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1997.tb138856.x","article-title":"Asthma in children","volume":"167","author":"Wainwright","year":"1997","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"2026012203140153400_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/146.4.888","article-title":"A community-based study of the epidemiology of asthma. 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