{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T05:54:56Z","timestamp":1777010096268,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,1]],"date-time":"2005-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1133395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The number of immunocompromised patients is steadily increasing due to HIV infection, solid organ and stem cell transplantation, intensified chemotherapy, immunosuppression for autoimmune diseases, and a marked increase in the use of monoclonal antibodies. Prevention strategies for pulmonary infections and diagnostic methods have evolved and patient outcome has improved. However, therapies affecting the immune system are also given to older patients and patients with comorbidities. While the rate of pulmonary complications in HIV patients has dramatically decreased under antiretroviral therapy, we are seeing more patients with pulmonary problems after chemotherapy. Neutropenia is still the most important risk factor for bacterial and fungal infection. Flexible bronchoscopy with BAL remains an important diagnostic method with a low morbidity and high diagnostic yield in patients with pulmonary infiltrates following cancer chemotherapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200508-097js","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,1]],"date-time":"2005-12-01T18:12:18Z","timestamp":1133460738000},"page":"445-448","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Breakdown of Pulmonary Host Defense in the Immunocompromised Host: Cancer Chemotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Ladina","family":"Joos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Medicine and Pulmonary Cell Research, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Tamm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Medicine and Pulmonary Cell Research, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020501544728000_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-64-2-328","volume":"64","year":"1966","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020501544728000_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2431","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1995.13.9.2431","volume":"13","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2026020501544728000_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3558","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2000.18.20.3558","volume":"18","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2026020501544728000_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s002770050475","volume":"78","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"2026020501544728000_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2296","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19940501)73:9<2296::AID-CNCR2820730910>3.0.CO;2-7","volume":"73","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2026020501544728000_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/60.16.1631","volume":"60","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"key":"2026020501544728000_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/60.15.1531","volume":"60","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"key":"2026020501544728000_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2005.05570.x","volume":"130","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"2026020501544728000_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1086\/374339","volume":"36","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026020501544728000_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1086\/339215","volume":"34","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026020501544728000_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1086\/514550","volume":"25","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026020501544728000_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5520(05)70159-8","volume":"15","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"2026020501544728000_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.thj.6200219","volume":"4","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hematol J"},{"key":"2026020501544728000_BIB14","first-page":"121","volume":"12","year":"1993","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"2026020501544728000_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/23.3.608","volume":"23","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026020501544728000_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1702045","volume":"24","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"2026020501544728000_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.184.3.01840746","volume":"184","year":"2005","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2026020501544728000_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.158.3.9801056","volume":"158","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026020501544728000_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.4065\/71.1.5","volume":"71","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"2026020501544728000_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1086\/342338","volume":"35","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026020501544728000_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.3109\/00365549209061333","volume":"24","year":"1992","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026020501544728000_BIB22","first-page":"84","volume":"2","year":"1987","journal-title":"Semin Respir Infect"},{"key":"2026020501544728000_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(97)80004-6","volume":"102","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2026020501544728000_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1159\/000085367","volume":"72","year":"2005","journal-title":"Respiration (Herrlisheim)"},{"key":"2026020501544728000_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-05-1425","volume":"103","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2026020501544728000_BIB26"},{"key":"2026020501544728000_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.120.2.617","volume":"120","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026020501544728000_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(61)90229-7","volume":"31","year":"1961","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2026020501544728000_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.6.8970380","volume":"154","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026020501544728000_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.176.3.1760718","volume":"176","year":"2001","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2026020501544728000_BIB31","first-page":"1","volume":"101","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020501544728000_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-832714","volume":"25","year":"2004","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026020501544728000_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.02.00256102","volume":"19","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2026020501544728000_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.2.9707068","volume":"157","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026020501544728000_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.119.3.838","volume":"119","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026020501544728000_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.127.6.2101","volume":"127","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/annalsats\/article-pdf\/2\/5\/445\/66567288\/annalsats_2_5_445.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/annalsats\/article-pdf\/2\/5\/445\/66567288\/annalsats_2_5_445.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T06:55:10Z","timestamp":1770274510000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/annalsats\/article\/2\/5\/445\/8440480"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,1]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1513\/pats.200508-097js","relation":{},"ISSN":["1546-3222","1943-5665"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1546-3222","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-5665","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,1]]}}}