{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T17:05:06Z","timestamp":1791219906895,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,1]],"date-time":"2012-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pulmonary fibrosis is a feature of a number of important lung diseases, and alveolar epithelial injury plays a key role in their pathogenesis. Traditionally, type II alveolar epithelial cells have been viewed as the progenitor cells of the alveolar epithelium; however, recent studies have identified a number of other progenitor and stem cell populations that may participate in alveolar epithelial repair. These studies suggest that the injury microenvironment plays a role in regulation of progenitor cell populations. In human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, epithelial abnormalities including altered cell cycling characteristics, hyperplasia, and metaplasia are observed, suggesting that dysregulation of epithelial progenitor cells contributes to the characteristic aberrant repair process. Reactivation of developmental signaling pathways such as the Wnt\u2013\u03b2-catenin pathway is implicated in the dysregulation of these cells, and targeting these pathways may provide opportunities for therapeutic intervention. There has been a great deal of interest in the delivery of exogenous stem cells as a therapeutic strategy, and various stem and progenitor cell populations have improved outcomes in animal lung fibrosis models. The contributions of these cells to alveolar epithelial regeneration have been variable, and secretion of soluble mediators has been implicated in the beneficial effects. It remains to be seen whether the promising results seen in the preclinical studies will translate to human disease, and the first studies using mesenchymal stem cells in clinical trials for fibrotic lung disease are underway. Strategies using other stem cell populations hold promise, but currently these are a lot further from the bedside.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.201201-010aw","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,16]],"date-time":"2012-07-16T06:28:51Z","timestamp":1342420131000},"page":"164-171","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Stem Cells and Pulmonary Fibrosis: Cause or Cure?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Katrina","family":"McNulty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Respiratory Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam M.","family":"Janes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Respiratory Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020502135962400_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2008.85","article-title":"Pulmonary fibrosis: pathogenesis, etiology and regulation","volume":"2","author":"Wilson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"2026020502135962400_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230601064787","article-title":"Environmental, inhaled and ingested causes of pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"35","author":"Khalil","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"2026020502135962400_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2009-040GL","article-title":"An official ATS\/ERS\/JRS\/ALAT statement: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and management","volume":"183","author":"Raghu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026020502135962400_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-1002","article-title":"Incidence, prevalence, and clinical course of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a population-based study","volume":"137","author":"Fernandez Perez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026020502135962400_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200710-160DR","article-title":"What differentiates normal lung repair and fibrosis? 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