{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T11:46:55Z","timestamp":1769341615857,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The paper presents general guidelines for designing affective multi-agent systems (affective MASs). The guidelines aim at extending the existing agent-oriented software engineering (AOSE) methodologies to enable them to design affective MASs. The reason why affective mechanisms need specific attention during the design is the fact that the way how both rational tasks and interactions are done differ based on the affective state of the agents. Thus, the paper extends the traditional design approaches with the design of affective mechanisms and includes them in the design of the system as a whole.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/acss-2017-0012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,30]],"date-time":"2017-12-30T22:15:23Z","timestamp":1514672123000},"page":"5-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["General Guidelines for Design of Affective Multi-Agent Systems"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"M\u0101ra","family":"Pud\u0101ne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Riga Technical University , Latvia"}]},{"given":"Egons","family":"Lavendelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Riga Technical University , Latvia"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021040706143048524_j_acss-2017-0012_ref_001_w2aab2b8b4b1b7b1ab1ab1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[1] B. Henderson-Sellers and P. Giorgini, Eds., Agent-Oriented Methodologies, Hershey: Idea Group Publishing, 2005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/9781591405818.ch001","DOI":"10.4018\/9781591405818.ch001"},{"key":"2021040706143048524_j_acss-2017-0012_ref_002_w2aab2b8b4b1b7b1ab1ab2Aa","unstructured":"[2] E. Lavendelis, \u201cOpen multi-agent architecture and methodology for intelligent tutoring system development,\u201d Summary of Doctoral Thesis, Riga: Riga Technical University, p. 49, 2009."},{"key":"2021040706143048524_j_acss-2017-0012_ref_003_w2aab2b8b4b1b7b1ab1ab3Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[3] M. Cossentino, V. Hilaire, A. Molesini and V. Seidita, Eds., Handbook on Agent-Oriented Design Processes. Berlin: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, p. 577, 2014.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39975-6"},{"key":"2021040706143048524_j_acss-2017-0012_ref_004_w2aab2b8b4b1b7b1ab1ab4Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[4] Y. Demazeau, K. S. Desker, J. Bajo Perez and F. de la Prieta, Eds., \u201cAdvances in Practical Applications of Agents, Multi-Agent Systems, and Sustainability: The PAAMS Collection,\u201d Proceedings of 13th International Conference, PAAMS 2015, Salamanca, Spain, June 3\u20134, p. 323, 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-18944-4","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-18944-4"},{"key":"2021040706143048524_j_acss-2017-0012_ref_005_w2aab2b8b4b1b7b1ab1ab5Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[5] H. K. Dam and M. Winikoff, \u201cTowards a next-generation AOSE methodology,\u201d Science of Computer Programming, vol. 78, no. 6, pp. 684\u2013694, 2013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scico.2011.12.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scico.2011.12.005"},{"key":"2021040706143048524_j_acss-2017-0012_ref_006_w2aab2b8b4b1b7b1ab1ab6Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[6] F. Bergenti, M. P. Gleizes and F. Zambonelli, Eds., Methodologies and Software Engineering for Agent Systems. The Agent-Oriented Software Engineering Handbook, London: Kluwer Academic Publishers, p. 505, 2004.","DOI":"10.1007\/b116049"},{"key":"2021040706143048524_j_acss-2017-0012_ref_007_w2aab2b8b4b1b7b1ab1ab7Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[7] S. A. DeLoach, \u201cThe MaSE Methodology,\u201d Multiagent Systems, Artificial Societies, and Simulated Organizations, vol. 11, pp. 107\u2013125, 2004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/1-4020-8058-1_8","DOI":"10.1007\/1-4020-8058-1_8"},{"key":"2021040706143048524_j_acss-2017-0012_ref_008_w2aab2b8b4b1b7b1ab1ab8Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[8] L. Padgham and M. Winikoff, Developing Intelligent Agent Systems: A Practical Guide. John Wiley & Sons, p. 240, 2004.","DOI":"10.1002\/0470861223"},{"key":"2021040706143048524_j_acss-2017-0012_ref_009_w2aab2b8b4b1b7b1ab1ab9Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[9] E. Lavendelis, \u201cExtending the MASITS Methodology for General Purpose Agent Oriented Software Engineering,\u201d Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence (ICAART), January 10\u201312, Lisbon, Portugal, 2015, pp. 157\u2013165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5220\/0005202201570165","DOI":"10.5220\/0005202201570165"},{"key":"2021040706143048524_j_acss-2017-0012_ref_010_w2aab2b8b4b1b7b1ab1ac10Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[10] J. J. Odell. H. Van Dyke Parunak and B. Bauer, \u201cRepresenting Agent Interaction Protocols in UML,\u201d Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 121\u2013140, 2002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/3-540-44564-1_8","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44564-1_8"},{"key":"2021040706143048524_j_acss-2017-0012_ref_011_w2aab2b8b4b1b7b1ab1ac11Aa","unstructured":"[11] \u201cFIPA Ontology Service Specification,\u201d [Online]. Available: http:\/\/www.fipa.org\/specs\/fipa00086\/"},{"key":"2021040706143048524_j_acss-2017-0012_ref_012_w2aab2b8b4b1b7b1ab1ac12Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[12] K. Kravari and N. Bassiliades, \u201cA Survey of Agent Platforms,\u201d Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, vol. 18, no. 1, p. 11, 2015 [Online]. Available: http:\/\/jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk\/18\/1\/11.html","DOI":"10.18564\/jasss.2661"},{"key":"2021040706143048524_j_acss-2017-0012_ref_013_w2aab2b8b4b1b7b1ab1ac13Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[13] M. Wooldridge, N. R. Jennings and D. Kinny, \u201cThe Gaia Methodology for Agent-Oriented Analysis and Design,\u201d Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, vol. 3, no 3, pp. 285\u2013312, 2000.","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010071910869"},{"key":"2021040706143048524_j_acss-2017-0012_ref_014_w2aab2b8b4b1b7b1ab1ac14Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[14] P.M. Costa, T. Galvao, J. F. Cunha, and J. Pitt, \u201cHow to Support the Design and Development of Interactive Pervasive Environments,\u201d Proceedings in 2015 8th International Conference on Human System Interaction, HSI 2015, 2015.","DOI":"10.1109\/HSI.2015.7170680"},{"key":"2021040706143048524_j_acss-2017-0012_ref_015_w2aab2b8b4b1b7b1ab1ac15Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[15] M. F. A. Carvalhaes, O. C. Da S. Neto, J. O. Ferreira, A. F. Da Rocha and T. M. G. De A. Barbosa, \u201cIncluding Affectivity Requirements in Embedded Systems,\u201d Proceedings of the 7th Annual IEEE International Systems Conference SysCon 2013, pp. 229\u201334, 2013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/syscon.2013.6549887","DOI":"10.1109\/SysCon.2013.6549887"},{"key":"2021040706143048524_j_acss-2017-0012_ref_016_w2aab2b8b4b1b7b1ab1ac16Aa","unstructured":"[16] L. Axelrod and K. Hone, \u201cSmoke and Mirrors: Gathering User Requirements for Emerging Affective Systems,\u201d Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Technology Interfaces ITI 2004, June 7\u201310, Cavtat, Croatia, pp. 323\u2013328, 2004."},{"key":"2021040706143048524_j_acss-2017-0012_ref_017_w2aab2b8b4b1b7b1ab1ac17Aa","unstructured":"[17] C. Reynolds and R.W. Picard, \u201cDesigning for Affective Interactions,\u201d Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, 2005."},{"key":"2021040706143048524_j_acss-2017-0012_ref_018_w2aab2b8b4b1b7b1ab1ac18Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[18] R. Ghasem Aghaei, A. Arya and R. Biddle, \u201cDesign Practices for Multimodal Affective Mathematical Learning,\u201d Proceedings of the 20th International Symposium on Computer Science and Software Engineering (CSSE) 2015, 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/csicsse.2015.7369246","DOI":"10.1109\/CSICSSE.2015.7369246"},{"key":"2021040706143048524_j_acss-2017-0012_ref_019_w2aab2b8b4b1b7b1ab1ac19Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[19] Y. S. Sefidgar, K. E. MacLean, S. Yohanan, H. F. M. van der Loos, E. A. Croft and E.J. Garland, \u201cDesign and Evaluation of a Touch-Centered Calming Interaction with a Social Robot,\u201d IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 108\u2013121, 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/taffc.2015.2457893","DOI":"10.1109\/TAFFC.2015.2457893"},{"key":"2021040706143048524_j_acss-2017-0012_ref_020_w2aab2b8b4b1b7b1ab1ac20Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[20] E. Hudlicka, \u201cGuidelines for Designing Computational Models of Emotions,\u201d International Journal of Synthetic Emotions, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 26\u201379, 2011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/jse.2011010103","DOI":"10.4018\/jse.2011010103"},{"key":"2021040706143048524_j_acss-2017-0012_ref_021_w2aab2b8b4b1b7b1ab1ac21Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[21] C. Smith, N. Crook, J. Boye, D. Charlton, S. Dobnik, D. Pizzi, M. Cavazza, S. Pulman, R. S. De La Camara and M. Turunen, \u201cInteraction Strategies for an Affective Conversational Agent,\u201d Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), pp. 301\u2013314, 2010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-15892-6_31","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-15892-6_31"},{"key":"2021040706143048524_j_acss-2017-0012_ref_022_w2aab2b8b4b1b7b1ab1ac22Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[22] R. Calvo, S. D'Mello, J. Gratch, A. Kappas, R. Reisenzein, \u201cA Short History of Psychological Perspectives on Emotion,\u201d The Oxford Handbook of Affective Computing, pp. 1\u201320, 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199942237.013.014","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199942237.013.014"},{"key":"2021040706143048524_j_acss-2017-0012_ref_023_w2aab2b8b4b1b7b1ab1ac23Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[23] P. Ekman, \u201cAre There Basic Emotions?\u201d Psychological Review, vol. 99, no. 3, pp. 550\u2013553, 1992.","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.99.3.550"},{"key":"2021040706143048524_j_acss-2017-0012_ref_024_w2aab2b8b4b1b7b1ab1ac24Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[24] J. A. Russell and A. Mehrabian \u201cEvidence for a Three-Factor Theory of Emotions,\u201d Journal of Research in Personality, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 273\u2013294, 1977.","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-6566(77)90037-X"},{"key":"2021040706143048524_j_acss-2017-0012_ref_025_w2aab2b8b4b1b7b1ab1ac25Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[25] A. Ortony, G. L. Clore, and A. Collins, \u201cIntroduction,\u201d The Cognitive Structure of Emotions, Cambridge University Press, 1988. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/cbo9780511571299.002","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511571299.002"},{"key":"2021040706143048524_j_acss-2017-0012_ref_026_w2aab2b8b4b1b7b1ab1ac26Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[26] M. Pudane, \u201cAffective Multi-Agent System for Simulating Mechanisms of Social Effects of Emotions,\u201d Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction Workshops and Demos (ACIIW), 2017.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACIIW.2017.8272602"},{"key":"2021040706143048524_j_acss-2017-0012_ref_027_w2aab2b8b4b1b7b1ab1ac27Aa","unstructured":"[27] S. Petrovica and M. Pudane, \u201cEmotion Modeling for Simulation of Affective Student-Tutor Interaction: Personality Matching,\u201d Int. J. Educ. Inf. Technol., vol. 10, pp. 159\u2013167, 2016."},{"key":"2021040706143048524_j_acss-2017-0012_ref_028_w2aab2b8b4b1b7b1ab1ac28Aa","unstructured":"[28] Affectiva, [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.affectiva.com\/"},{"key":"2021040706143048524_j_acss-2017-0012_ref_029_w2aab2b8b4b1b7b1ab1ac29Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[29] R. Z. Cabada, M. L. B. Estrada, V. J. A. Beltr\u2019n, C. A. Reyes Garc\u00eda, and Y.H. P\u00e9rez, \u201cFermat: Merging Affective Tutoring Systems with Learning Social Networks,\u201d 2012 IEEE 12th International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, pp. 337\u2013339, 2012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/icalt.2012.140","DOI":"10.1109\/ICALT.2012.140"},{"key":"2021040706143048524_j_acss-2017-0012_ref_030_w2aab2b8b4b1b7b1ab1ac30Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[30] P. Gebhard, \u201cALMA \u2013 A Layered Model of Affect\u201d, AAMAS \u201905: Proceedings of the 4th International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systemsent Systems, pp. 29\u201336, 2005.","DOI":"10.1145\/1082473.1082478"},{"key":"2021040706143048524_j_acss-2017-0012_ref_031_w2aab2b8b4b1b7b1ab1ac31Aa","unstructured":"[31] C. Becker-Asano, \u201cWASABI : Affect Simulation for Agents with Believable Interactivity,\u201d Doctoral Thesis, Universitat Bielefeld, 2008."},{"key":"2021040706143048524_j_acss-2017-0012_ref_032_w2aab2b8b4b1b7b1ab1ac32Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[32] M. Tavakoli, M. Palhang and M. Kazemifard, M, \u201cThree levels of information processing: Improvement using personality,\u201d 2014 Iranian Conference on Intelligent Systems, ICIS 2014, 2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/iraniancis.2014.6802602","DOI":"10.1109\/IranianCIS.2014.6802602"},{"key":"2021040706143048524_j_acss-2017-0012_ref_033_w2aab2b8b4b1b7b1ab1ac33Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[33] S. Korecko, B. Sobota and P. Curilla, \u201cEmotional agents as non-playable characters in games: Experience with Jadex and JBdiEmo,\u201d Proceedings of the 15th IEEE International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Informatics (CINTI) 2014, pp. 471\u2013476, 2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/cinti.2014.7028721","DOI":"10.1109\/CINTI.2014.7028721"},{"key":"2021040706143048524_j_acss-2017-0012_ref_034_w2aab2b8b4b1b7b1ab1ac34Aa","unstructured":"[34] J. Hastings, W. Ceusters, B. Smith, and K. Mulligan, \u201cDispositions and processes in the emotion ontology,\u201d CEUR Workshop Proceedings, vol. 833, pp. 71\u201378, 2011."}],"container-title":["Applied Computer Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/content.sciendo.com\/view\/journals\/acss\/22\/1\/article-p5.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.sciendo.com\/article\/10.1515\/acss-2017-0012","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T19:41:14Z","timestamp":1617824474000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.sciendo.com\/article\/10.1515\/acss-2017-0012"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/acss-2017-0012"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/acss-2017-0012","relation":{},"ISSN":["2255-8691"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2255-8691","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]]}}}