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In the second part, the\n                    <jats:italic>Passive HAD<\/jats:italic>\n                    approach is presented, which proposes a statistical validation of HAD by utilizing a fraction of the billions of kilometers driven every year by common drivers. To guarantee safety, the HAD function has access to sensors but its output is not executed, which results in an open loop problem. The loop is closed by a simulation which is based on the real life scenario and driver models individually matched to the surrounding traffic participants.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/auto-2017-0113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,10]],"date-time":"2018-02-10T05:00:47Z","timestamp":1518238847000},"page":"132-145","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Overview of HAD validation and passive HAD as a concept for validating highly automated cars"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Alexander","family":"Koenig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BMW Group , Munich , Germany"}]},{"given":"Kathrin","family":"Witzlsperger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t (LMU) , Munich , Germany"}]},{"given":"Florin","family":"Leutwiler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ETH Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland"}]},{"given":"S\u00f6ren","family":"Hohmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRS , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Karlsruhe , Germany"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020414113948687_j_auto-2017-0113_ref_001_w2aab3b7b5b1b6b1ab1b6b1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Althoff, M.; Dolan, J.\u2009M.: Online verification of automated road vehicles using reachability analysis. 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