{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:15:52Z","timestamp":1768436152879,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572566400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZS\/2016\/12\/83146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZS\/2016\/12\/83146"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>To optimally design integrated energy systems a widely used approach is the Energy Hub. The conversion, storage and transfer of different energy vectors is represented by a coupling matrix. Yet, the coupling matrix restricts the configuration of the Energy Hub and the constraints, that can be included. This paper proposes a MILP based optimization framework, which allows a high variability and adaptability and is based on energy flows. The functionality of the developed framework is tested on four use cases depicting different system sizes and Energy Hub configurations. It is shown that the framework is able to simplify the design process of an Energy Hub.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/auto-2019-0059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]],"date-time":"2019-11-05T13:22:14Z","timestamp":1572960134000},"page":"958-971","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A general MILP based optimization framework to design Energy Hubs"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Jens","family":"G\u00f6tze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electric Power Systems , Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg , Universit\u00e4tsplatz 2 , Magdeburg , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonte","family":"Dancker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electric Power Systems , Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg , Universit\u00e4tsplatz 2 , Magdeburg , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Wolter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electric Power Systems , Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg , Universit\u00e4tsplatz 2 , Magdeburg , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023050206124477885_j_auto-2019-0059_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. Mancarella, \u201cMES (multi-energy systems): An overview of concepts and evaluation models,\u201d Energy, vol.\u200965, pp.\u20091\u201317, 2014.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2013.10.041"},{"key":"2023050206124477885_j_auto-2019-0059_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Richter, I. Hauer and M. Wolter, \u201cAlgorithms for Technical Integration of Virtual Power Plants into German System Operation,\u201d Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, vol.\u20093, no.\u20091, pp.\u2009135\u2013147, 2018.","DOI":"10.25046\/aj030117"},{"key":"2023050206124477885_j_auto-2019-0059_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Geidl and G. Andersson, \u201cOptimal Power Flow of Multiple Energy Carriers,\u201d IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol.\u200922, no.\u20091, pp.\u2009145\u2013155, 2007.","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2006.888988"},{"key":"2023050206124477885_j_auto-2019-0059_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Geidl, G. Koeppel, P. Favre-Perrod, B. Klockl, G. Andersson and K. Frohlich, \u201cEnergy hubs for the future,\u201d IEEE Power and Energy Mag., vol.\u20095, no.\u20091, pp.\u200924\u201330, 2007.","DOI":"10.1109\/MPAE.2007.264850"},{"key":"2023050206124477885_j_auto-2019-0059_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Li, J. Fang, Q. Zeng and Z. Chen, \u201cOptimal operation of the integrated electrical and heating systems to accommodate the intermittent renewable sources,\u201d Applied Energy, vol.\u2009167, pp.\u2009244\u2013254, 2016.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2015.10.054"},{"key":"2023050206124477885_j_auto-2019-0059_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Wasilewski, \u201cIntegrated modeling of microgrid for steady-state analysis using modified concept of multi-carrier energy hub,\u201d International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol.\u200973, pp.\u2009891\u2013898, 2015.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2015.06.022"},{"key":"2023050206124477885_j_auto-2019-0059_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. Syed, M. Fowler, D. Wan and Y. Maniyali, \u201cAn energy demand model for a fleet of plug-in fuel cell vehicles and commercial building interfaced with a clean energy hub,\u201d International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol.\u200935, no.\u200910, pp.\u20095154\u20135163, 2010.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2009.08.089"},{"key":"2023050206124477885_j_auto-2019-0059_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Maroufmashat, M. Fowler, S. Sattari Khavas, A. Elkamel, R. Roshandel and A. Hajimiragha, \u201cMixed integer linear programing based approach for optimal planning and operation of a smart urban energy network to support the hydrogen economy,\u201d International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol.\u200941, no.\u200919, pp.\u20097700\u20137716, 2016.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2015.08.038"},{"key":"2023050206124477885_j_auto-2019-0059_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T. Ma, J. Wu and L. Hao, \u201cEnergy flow modeling and optimal operation analysis of the micro energy grid based on energy hub,\u201d Energy Conversion and Management, vol.\u2009133, pp.\u2009292\u2013306, 2017.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2016.12.011"},{"key":"2023050206124477885_j_auto-2019-0059_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Hemmati, S.\u2009F. Ghaderi and M.\u2009S. Ghazizadeh, \u201cSustainable energy hub design under uncertainty using Benders decomposition method,\u201d Energy, vol.\u2009143, pp.\u20091029\u20131047, 2018.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2017.11.052"},{"key":"2023050206124477885_j_auto-2019-0059_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. Wang, N. Zhang, C. Kang, D.\u2009S. Kirschen, J. Yang and Q. Xia, \u201cStandardized Matrix Modeling of Multiple Energy Systems,\u201d IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol.\u200910, no.\u20091, pp.\u2009257\u2013270, 2019.","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2017.2737662"},{"key":"2023050206124477885_j_auto-2019-0059_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Evins, K. Orehounig, V. Dorer and J. Carmeliet, \u201cNew formulations of the \u2018energy hub\u2019 model to address operational constraints,\u201d Energy, vol.\u200973, pp.\u2009387\u2013398, 2014.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2014.06.029"},{"key":"2023050206124477885_j_auto-2019-0059_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. Fabrizio, M. Filippi and J. Virgone, \u201cAn hourly modelling framework for the assessment of energy sources exploitation and energy converters selection and sizing in buildings,\u201d Energy and Buildings, vol.\u200941, no.\u200910, pp.\u20091037\u20131050, 2009.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2009.05.005"},{"key":"2023050206124477885_j_auto-2019-0059_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"I.\u2009G. Moghaddam, M. Saniei and E. Mashhour, \u201cA comprehensive model for self-scheduling an energy hub to supply cooling, heating and electrical demands of a building,\u201d Energy, vol.\u200994, pp.\u2009157\u2013170, 2016.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2015.10.137"},{"key":"2023050206124477885_j_auto-2019-0059_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. Wang, N. Zhang, Z. Zhuo, C. Kang and D. Kirschen, \u201cMixed-integer linear programming-based optimal configuration planning for energy hub: Starting from scratch,\u201d Applied Energy, vol.\u2009210, pp.\u20091141\u20131150, 2018.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2017.08.114"},{"key":"2023050206124477885_j_auto-2019-0059_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Derafshi Beigvand, H. Abdi and M. La Scala, \u201cOptimal operation of multicarrier energy systems using Time Varying Acceleration Coefficient Gravitational Search Algorithm,\u201d Energy, vol.\u2009114, pp.\u2009253\u2013265, 2016.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2016.07.155"},{"key":"2023050206124477885_j_auto-2019-0059_ref_017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S.\u2009D. Beigvand, H. Abdi and M. La Scala, \u201cA general model for energy hub economic dispatch,\u201d Applied Energy, vol.\u2009190, pp.\u20091090\u20131111, 2017.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2016.12.126"},{"key":"2023050206124477885_j_auto-2019-0059_ref_018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Najafi, H. Falaghi, J. Contreras and M. Ramezani, \u201cMedium-term energy hub management subject to electricity price and wind uncertainty,\u201d Applied Energy, vol.\u2009168, pp.\u2009418\u2013433, 2016.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2016.01.074"},{"key":"2023050206124477885_j_auto-2019-0059_ref_019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B. Mohammadi-Ivatloo and F. Jabari, Operation, Planning, and Analysis of Energy Storage Systems in Smart Energy Hubs, 2018.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-75097-2"},{"key":"2023050206124477885_j_auto-2019-0059_ref_020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. Orehounig, R. Evins and V. Dorer, \u201cIntegration of decentralized energy systems in neighbourhoods using the energy hub approach,\u201d Applied Energy, vol.\u2009154, pp.\u2009277\u2013289, 2015.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2015.04.114"},{"key":"2023050206124477885_j_auto-2019-0059_ref_021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Pazouki, M.-R. Haghifam and A. Moser, \u201cUncertainty modeling in optimal operation of energy hub in presence of wind, storage and demand response,\u201d International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol.\u200961, pp.\u2009335\u2013345, 2014.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2014.03.038"},{"key":"2023050206124477885_j_auto-2019-0059_ref_022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. Kholardi, M. Assili, M.\u2009A. Lasemi and A. Hajizadeh, \u201cOptimal Management of Energy Hub with Considering Hydrogen Network,\u201d in 2018 International Conference on Smart Energy Systems and Technologies (SEST) conference proceedings, Sevilla, 2018, pp.\u20091\u20136.","DOI":"10.1109\/SEST.2018.8495664"},{"key":"2023050206124477885_j_auto-2019-0059_ref_023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Huo, S. Le Blond, C. Gu, W. Wei and D. Yu, \u201cOptimal operation of interconnected energy hubs by using decomposed hybrid particle swarm and interior-point approach,\u201d International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol.\u200995, pp.\u200936\u201346, 2018.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2017.08.004"},{"key":"2023050206124477885_j_auto-2019-0059_ref_024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Parisio, C. Del Vecchio and A. Vaccaro, \u201cA robust optimization approach to energy hub management,\u201d International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol.\u200942, no.\u20091, pp.\u200998\u2013104, 2012.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2012.03.015"},{"key":"2023050206124477885_j_auto-2019-0059_ref_025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Dancker, J. G\u00f6tze, F. Schulz, N. K\u00f6nneke, F. Beyrau and M. Wolter, \u201cOptimal design and operation of a CHP based distric heating system including a heat storage and electrode boiler to increase self-consumption,\u201d in IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Latin 2019, Accepted with Modifications 2019.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISGT-LA.2019.8895427"},{"key":"2023050206124477885_j_auto-2019-0059_ref_026","unstructured":"VDI 6025 \u2013 Economy calculation systems for capital goods and plants, VDI 6025, 2012."},{"key":"2023050206124477885_j_auto-2019-0059_ref_027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Kallrath, Gemischt-ganzzahlige Optimierung: Modellierung in der Praxis: Mit Fallstudien aus Chemie, Energiewirtschaft, Papierindustrie, Metallgewerbe, Produktion und Logistik, 2nd ed., 2013.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-658-00690-7"},{"key":"2023050206124477885_j_auto-2019-0059_ref_028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.-H. Lin, J.\u2009G. Carlsson, D. Ge, J. Shi and J.-F. Tsai, \u201cA Review of Piecewise Linearization Methods,\u201d Mathematical Problems in Engineering, vol.\u20092013, no.\u20092, pp.\u20091\u20138, 2013.","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/101376"},{"key":"2023050206124477885_j_auto-2019-0059_ref_029","unstructured":"Avacon, \u201cPreisbl\u00e4tter \u2013 Netzentgelte Strom,\u201d 2017."},{"key":"2023050206124477885_j_auto-2019-0059_ref_030","unstructured":"Avacon, \u201cPreisbl\u00e4tter \u2013 Netzentgelte Gas,\u201d 2017."},{"key":"2023050206124477885_j_auto-2019-0059_ref_031","unstructured":"Powernext SA, Market Rules of the Powernext\u00ae Derivatives Regulated Market. Available: https:\/\/www.powernext.com\/sites\/default\/files\/download_center_files\/20171512_PWX_DERIVATIVES-Market%20Rules_ENG_MiF_Clean.pdf. Accessed on: May 02 2019."},{"key":"2023050206124477885_j_auto-2019-0059_ref_032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. Huang, P.\u2009M. Pardalos and Q.\u2009P. Zheng, Electrical Power Unit Commitment: Deterministic and Two-Stage Stochastic Programming Models and Algorithms. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2017.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-6768-1_3"},{"key":"2023050206124477885_j_auto-2019-0059_ref_033","unstructured":"M. Wolter, F. Beyrau, and E. Tsotsas, Eds., Intelligentes Multi-Energie-System (SmartMES): Statusbericht der Otto-von-Guericke-Universit\u00e4t Magdeburg zum Verbundprojekt; 1. Statusseminar 28. M\u00e4rz 2018 in Magdeburg. Magdeburg: Otto-von-Guericke-Universit\u00e4t, 2018."},{"key":"2023050206124477885_j_auto-2019-0059_ref_034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Eichlseder and M. Klell, Wasserstoff in der Fahrzeugtechnik: Erzeugung, Speicherung, Anwendung; mit 26 Tabellen, 3rd ed. Wiesbaden: Springer Vieweg, 2012.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-8348-2196-6"},{"key":"2023050206124477885_j_auto-2019-0059_ref_035","unstructured":"Linde 450\u2009bar Wasserstofftankstelle. Available: https:\/\/www.linde-gas.at\/de\/images\/1008_h2_tankstelle_v110_tcm550-169416.pdf. Accessed on: May 03 2019."},{"key":"2023050206124477885_j_auto-2019-0059_ref_036","unstructured":"M. Wolter, F. Beyrau, and E. Tsotsas, Eds., Intelligentes Multi-Energie-System (SmartMES): Statusbericht der Otto-von-Guericke-Universit\u00e4t Magdeburg zum Verbundprojekt; 2. Statusseminar 04. April 2019 in Magdeburg. Magdeburg: Otto-von-Guericke-Universit\u00e4t, 2019."},{"key":"2023050206124477885_j_auto-2019-0059_ref_037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Eller, Integration erneuerbarer Energien mit Power-to-Heat in Deutschland: Potentiale zur Nutzung von Strom\u00fcbersch\u00fcssen in Fernw\u00e4rmenetzen. Wiesbaden: Springer Vieweg, 2015.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-658-10561-7"},{"key":"2023050206124477885_j_auto-2019-0059_ref_038","unstructured":"Amgad Elgowainy, Marianne Mintz and Monterey Gardiner, \u201cDistribution Nework,\u201d in Mechanical and aerospace engineering, Handbook of hydrogen energy, S.\u2009A. Sherif, D.\u2009Y. Goswami, E.\u2009K. Stefanakos, and A. Steinfeld, Eds., Boca Raton, London, New York: CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, 2015, pp.\u2009935\u2013956."},{"key":"2023050206124477885_j_auto-2019-0059_ref_039","unstructured":"Epexspot, Market data: Day-Ahead Auction. [Online] Available: http:\/\/www.epexspot.com\/en\/market-data\/dayaheadauction. Accessed on: May 17 2019."},{"key":"2023050206124477885_j_auto-2019-0059_ref_040","unstructured":"Powernext SA, \u201cPEGAS Reference Prices: Publication of the European Gas Index (EGIX) to increase transparency on the market,\u201d [Online] Available: https:\/\/www.powernext.com\/sites\/default\/files\/download_center_files\/20181203_PEGAS_Reference_Price_EGIX.pdf. Accessed on: 17.05, 2019."},{"key":"2023050206124477885_j_auto-2019-0059_ref_041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Hajimiragha, C. Canizares, M. Fowler, M. Geidl and G. Andersson, \u201cOptimal Energy Flow of integrated energy systems with hydrogen economy considerations,\u201d in 2007 iREP Symposium- Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control-VII Revitalizing Operational Reliability, Charleston, SC, 19\u201324 August 2007, Charleston, SC, USA, 2007, pp.\u20091\u201311.","DOI":"10.1109\/IREP.2007.4410517"},{"key":"2023050206124477885_j_auto-2019-0059_ref_042","unstructured":"Noah Daniel Pflugradt, Modellierung von Wasser und Energieverbr\u00e4uchen in Haushalten: Disseration TU Chemnitz, 2016."},{"key":"2023050206124477885_j_auto-2019-0059_ref_043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Rahmaniani, T.\u2009G. Crainic, M. Gendreau and W. Rei, \u201cThe Benders decomposition algorithm: A literature review,\u201d European Journal of Operational Research, vol.\u2009259, no.\u20093, pp.\u2009801\u2013817, 2017.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2016.12.005"},{"key":"2023050206124477885_j_auto-2019-0059_ref_044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Ban, J. Yu, M. Shahidehpour and Y. Yao, \u201cIntegration of power-to-hydrogen in day-ahead security-constrained unit commitment with high wind penetration,\u201d J. Mod. Power Syst. Clean Energy, vol.\u20095, no.\u20093, pp.\u2009337\u2013349, 2017.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40565-017-0277-0"}],"container-title":["at - Automatisierungstechnik"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/view\/j\/auto.2019.67.issue-11\/auto-2019-0059\/auto-2019-0059.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/auto-2019-0059\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/auto-2019-0059\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]],"date-time":"2023-05-02T06:13:44Z","timestamp":1683008024000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/auto-2019-0059\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/auto-2019-0059"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/auto-2019-0059","relation":{},"ISSN":["2196-677X","0178-2312"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2196-677X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0178-2312","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]]}}}