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To ensure safety, collision avoidance based on 360\u00b0 perception is always active during autonomous operation. This article presents the concept and implementation of the excavator\u2019s autonomy functionality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/auto-2022-0068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]],"date-time":"2022-10-27T20:22:20Z","timestamp":1666902140000},"page":"859-876","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["An autonomous crawler excavator for hazardous environments"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1037-5696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Frese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Research Center Machine Learning , Fraunhofer IOSB , Karlsruhe , Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5355-503X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelika","family":"Zube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Research Center Machine Learning , Fraunhofer IOSB , Karlsruhe , Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1212-302X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"Woock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Research Center Machine Learning , Fraunhofer IOSB , Karlsruhe , Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0915-9654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Emter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Research Center Machine Learning , Fraunhofer IOSB , Karlsruhe , Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0198-8634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina Felicitas","family":"Heide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Research Center Machine Learning , Fraunhofer IOSB , Karlsruhe , Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5238-9167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Albrecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Research Center Machine Learning , Fraunhofer IOSB , Karlsruhe , Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4715-8908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janko","family":"Petereit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Research Center Machine Learning , Fraunhofer IOSB , Karlsruhe , Germany"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023033111224382443_j_auto-2022-0068_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. 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