{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T03:40:41Z","timestamp":1771731641304,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>As the first automated driving functions are now finding their way into serial production vehicles, the focus of research and development has shifted from purely automated capabilities to cooperative systems, i.e. cooperation between vehicles, and vehicle automation with drivers. Especially in partially and highly automated cooperative driving the driver should be able to take over the driving task or adapt the driving behavior. This paper presents the pattern approach to cooperation as a method to recognize and solve reoccurring problems. As an example, the pattern approach is applied to the use case of a takeover request on a highway. The concept of Confidence Horizons, which balance the capabilities of the driver and the automation based on cooperative interaction patterns, is introduced. To estimate the human capabilities for this Confidence Horizon, a Diagnostic Takeover Request is used, in which the automation analyzes the driver\u2019s orientation reaction to a takeover request. This allows the early detection of potentially unsafe takeovers reducing possible transitions to a Minimum Risk Maneuver (MRM).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/auto-2022-0160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]],"date-time":"2023-04-07T01:37:55Z","timestamp":1680831475000},"page":"278-287","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Human system patterns for interaction and cooperation of automated vehicles and humans"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Frank","family":"Flemisch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Industrial Engineering and Ergonomics , RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany"},{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Arbeitswissenschaft, RWTH Aachen University, Eilfschornsteinstra\u00dfe 18, 52062 Aachen , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Usai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Arbeitswissenschaft, RWTH Aachen University, Eilfschornsteinstra\u00dfe 18, 52062 Aachen , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gina","family":"Wessel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Arbeitswissenschaft, RWTH Aachen University, Eilfschornsteinstra\u00dfe 18, 52062 Aachen , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0407-2960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Herzberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Arbeitswissenschaft, RWTH Aachen University, Eilfschornsteinstra\u00dfe 18, 52062 Aachen , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023060517421226957_j_auto-2022-0160_ref_001","unstructured":"M. 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Walting (Albm\u00fchltal), Darmstadt, Germany, UNI-DAS e.V. 2018, p.\u00a02018."},{"key":"2023060517421226957_j_auto-2022-0160_ref_027","unstructured":"N. D. Herzberger, Erfassung der \u00dcbernahmef\u00e4higkeit von Fahrpersonen im Kontext des automatisierten Fahrens, D\u00fcren, Germany, Shaker Verlag, in press."},{"key":"2023060517421226957_j_auto-2022-0160_ref_028","unstructured":"N. Herzberger, M. Usai, M. Schwalm, and F. Flemisch, \u201cCooperation between vehicle and driver: predicting the driver\u2019s takeover capability in cooperative automated driving based on orientation patterns,\u201d in Cooperative Interacting Vehicles, C. Stiller, Ed., Cham, Springer International Publishing, (2023)."}],"container-title":["at - Automatisierungstechnik"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/auto-2022-0160\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/auto-2022-0160\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T21:47:18Z","timestamp":1729201638000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/auto-2022-0160\/html"}},"subtitle":["Confidence horizons and diagnostic takeover-requests (TOR) in cooperatively automated driving"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/auto-2022-0160"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/auto-2022-0160","relation":{},"ISSN":["0178-2312","2196-677X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0178-2312","type":"print"},{"value":"2196-677X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]}}}