{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T04:47:32Z","timestamp":1747198052237,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A power tracking controller for frequency support by photovoltaic power plants without battery storage is presented. Due to the decreasing inertia, regenerative systems such as wind turbines and photovoltaic power plants must provide an instantaneous reserve for fast frequency support in power systems. To provide grid support by PV power plants, a control scheme, and a design procedure are introduced to ensure power reserve by leaving the optimal operating point. A model-based generalized design procedure in the Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy framework for PV system with switched-mode DC-DC converter is presented to achieve the specified control objectives. Simulation studies show the applicability of the control scheme.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/auto-2023-0029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T09:23:06Z","timestamp":1697534586000},"page":"891-908","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Fast power tracking control of PV power plants for frequency support"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5851-3616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Horst","family":"Schulte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering I, Control Engineering Group , University of Applied Sciences Berlin (HTW) , Wilhelminenhofstr. 75A, 12459 Berlin , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Kusche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering I, Control Engineering Group , University of Applied Sciences Berlin (HTW) , Wilhelminenhofstr. 75A, 12459 Berlin , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023102710243807375_j_auto-2023-0029_ref_001","unstructured":"S. Kusche, F. P\u00f6schke, and H. Schulte, POSYTYF, \u2013 Deliverable 2.2 \u2013 Objectives and Assessment Criteria for Controller Design, University of Applied Sciences Berlin (HTW), Tech. Rep., 2022."},{"key":"2023102710243807375_j_auto-2023-0029_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. L. Jiang, R. Srivatsan, and D. L. Maskell, \u201cComputational intelligence techniques for maximum power point tracking in PV systems: a review,\u201d Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., vol.\u00a085, pp.\u00a014\u201345, 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rser.2018.01.006.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2018.01.006"},{"key":"2023102710243807375_j_auto-2023-0029_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T. Esram and P. L. Chapman, \u201cComparison of photovoltaic array maximum power point tracking techniques,\u201d IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol.\u00a022, no.\u00a02, pp.\u00a0439\u2013449, 2007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tec.2006.874230.","DOI":"10.1109\/TEC.2006.874230"},{"key":"2023102710243807375_j_auto-2023-0029_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. N. H. Shazon, Nahid-Al-Masood, and A. Jawad, \u201cFrequency control challenges and potential countermeasures in future low-inertia power systems: a review,\u201d Energy Rep., vol.\u00a08, pp.\u00a06191\u20136219, 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.egyr.2022.04.063.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2022.04.063"},{"key":"2023102710243807375_j_auto-2023-0029_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Sharma, V. Jately, P. Kuchhal, P. Kala, and B. Azzopardi, \u201cA comprehensive review of flexible power-point-tracking algorithms for grid-connected photovoltaic systems,\u201d Energies, vol.\u00a016, no.\u00a015, p.\u00a02023, 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/en16155679.","DOI":"10.3390\/en16155679"},{"key":"2023102710243807375_j_auto-2023-0029_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Gomez-Merchan, S. Vazquez, A. M. Alcaide, et al.., \u201cBinary search based flexible power point tracking algorithm for photovoltaic systems,\u201d IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol.\u00a068, no.\u00a07, pp.\u00a05909\u20135920, 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tie.2020.2998743.","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2020.2998743"},{"key":"2023102710243807375_j_auto-2023-0029_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. Messasma, A. Barakat, S. eddine Chouaba, and B. Sari, \u201cPV system frequency regulation employing a new power reserve control approach and a hybrid inertial response,\u201d Electr. Power Syst. Res., vol.\u00a0223, p.\u00a0109556, 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.epsr.2023.109556.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2023.109556"},{"key":"2023102710243807375_j_auto-2023-0029_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. Messasma, S. E. Chouaba, B. Sari, and A. Barakat, \u201cAn approach for power reserve control (PRC) strategy based on a novel ANN model,\u201d in Advanced Computational Techniques for Renewable Energy Systems, M. Hatti, Ed., Cham, Springer International Publishing, 2023, pp.\u00a0594\u2013601.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-21216-1_61"},{"key":"2023102710243807375_j_auto-2023-0029_ref_009","unstructured":"R. Kumar, B. Sahu, C. K. Shiva, and B. Rajender, \u201cA control topology for frequency regulation capability in a grid integrated PV system,\u201d Arch. Electr. Eng., vol.\u00a069, no.\u00a02, pp.\u00a0389\u2013401, 2020."},{"key":"2023102710243807375_j_auto-2023-0029_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. Zarina, S. Mishra, and P. Sekhar, \u201cExploring frequency control capability of a PV system in a hybrid PV-rotating machine-without storage system,\u201d Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., vol.\u00a060, pp.\u00a0258\u2013267, 2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijepes.2014.02.033.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2014.02.033"},{"key":"2023102710243807375_j_auto-2023-0029_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Ahmed, I. Harbi, R. Kennel, J. Rodriguez, and M. Abdelrahem, \u201cModel-based maximum power point tracking algorithm with constant power generation capability and fast DC-link dynamics for two-stage PV systems,\u201d IEEE Access, vol.\u00a010, pp.\u00a048551\u201348568, 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2022.3172292.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3172292"},{"key":"2023102710243807375_j_auto-2023-0029_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Boyd, L. E. Ghaoui, E. Feron, and V. Balakrishnan, Linear Matrix Inequalities in System and Control Theory, Philadelphia, SIAM, 1994.","DOI":"10.1137\/1.9781611970777"},{"key":"2023102710243807375_j_auto-2023-0029_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. Tanaka and H. O. Wang, Fuzzy Control Systems Design and Analysis: A Linear Matrix Inequality Approach, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2001.","DOI":"10.1002\/0471224596"},{"key":"2023102710243807375_j_auto-2023-0029_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W. Xiao, Photovoltaic Power System, John Wiley & Sons, 2017.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119280408"},{"key":"2023102710243807375_j_auto-2023-0029_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Z. Lendek, T. M. Guerra, R. Babu\u0161ka, and B. de Schutter, Stability Analysis and Nonlinear Observer Design Using Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Models, Volume 262 of Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing, Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer, 2011.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-16776-8"},{"key":"2023102710243807375_j_auto-2023-0029_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Schulte, \u201cApproximate modeling of a class of nonlinear oscillators using takagi-sugeno fuzzy systems and its application to control design,\u201d in Proceedings of the 44th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 2005, pp.\u00a03387\u20133392.","DOI":"10.1109\/CDC.2005.1582685"},{"key":"2023102710243807375_j_auto-2023-0029_ref_017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Niemann, J. Li, H. O. Wang, and K. Tanaka, \u201cParallel distributed compensation for Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy models: new stability conditions and dynamic feedback designs,\u201d IFAC Proc., vol.\u00a032, no.\u00a02, pp.\u00a05374\u20135379, 1999. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1474-6670(17)56915-3.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-6670(17)56915-3"},{"key":"2023102710243807375_j_auto-2023-0029_ref_018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. D. Sontag and Y. Wang, \u201cOn characterizations of the input-to-state stability property,\u201d Syst. Control Lett., vol.\u00a024, pp.\u00a0351\u2013359, 1995. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0167-6911(94)00050-6.","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-6911(94)00050-6"},{"key":"2023102710243807375_j_auto-2023-0029_ref_019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Schulte and E. Gauterin, \u201cInput-to-state stability analysis of small wind turbines using LMI conditions (in German),\u201d at - AT, vol. 62, no. 10, pp. 698\u2013707, 2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/auto-2014-1119.","DOI":"10.1515\/auto-2014-1119"},{"key":"2023102710243807375_j_auto-2023-0029_ref_020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Chilali and P. Gahinet, \u201cH\u221e design with pole placement constraints: an LMI approach,\u201d IEEE Trans. Autom. Control, vol.\u00a041, no.\u00a03, pp.\u00a0358\u2013367, 1996. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/9.486637.","DOI":"10.1109\/9.486637"},{"key":"2023102710243807375_j_auto-2023-0029_ref_021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. P\u00f6schke, E. Gauterin, and H. Schulte, New Trends in Observer-Based Control, Chapter LMI Region-Based Non-linear Disturbance Observer with Application to Robust Wind Turbine Control, Academic Press, 2019, pp.\u00a035\u201375.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-817034-2.00015-0"},{"key":"2023102710243807375_j_auto-2023-0029_ref_022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. L\u00f6fberg, \u201cYALMIP: a toolbox for modeling and optimization in MATLAB,\u201d in Proceedings of the IEEE CACSD, Taipei, Taiwan, 2004, pp.\u00a0284\u2013289.","DOI":"10.1109\/CACSD.2004.1393890"},{"key":"2023102710243807375_j_auto-2023-0029_ref_023","unstructured":"T. Dekker, Finding a Zero by Means of Successive Linear Interpolation. Constructive Aspects of the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, London, Wiley-Interscience, 1969."},{"key":"2023102710243807375_j_auto-2023-0029_ref_024","unstructured":"V. Albernaz Lacerda, J. Girona-Badia, E. Prieto-Araujo, et al.., \u201cModelling approaches of power systems considering grid-connected converters and renewable generation dynamics,\u201d in IEEE, editor, European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, Hannover, Paper, 2022, pp.\u00a01\u20137."},{"key":"2023102710243807375_j_auto-2023-0029_ref_025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. N. Dietrich, S. Borchers-Tigasson, T. Naumann, and H. Schulte, \u201cAdaptive extremum seeking control of urban area wind turbines,\u201d in Energies 2021: Special Issue Modeling, Simulation and Control of Electric Drive Systems, vol.\u00a014, 2021, pp.\u00a01\u201312.","DOI":"10.3390\/en14051356"},{"key":"2023102710243807375_j_auto-2023-0029_ref_026","unstructured":"A. Kisser, M. Engel, L. Rezai, M. Andrejewski, J. Fortmann, and H. Schulte, Eds. A Test-bed System for Validation of Ancillary Services of Wind Power Plants under Realisitic Conditions, Berlin, Proceedings of 16th Wind Integration Workshop, 2017."},{"key":"2023102710243807375_j_auto-2023-0029_ref_027","unstructured":"H. K. Khalil, Nonlinear Systems, Prentice Hall, 2002."}],"container-title":["at - Automatisierungstechnik"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/auto-2023-0029\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/auto-2023-0029\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T23:31:07Z","timestamp":1730331067000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/auto-2023-0029\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/auto-2023-0029"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/auto-2023-0029","relation":{},"ISSN":["0178-2312","2196-677X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0178-2312"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2196-677X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]]}}}