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In the cost function, we considered the regulation from the platform and the intention to nudge the opponent against the regulation. Considering the unavailability of network relations, we use reinforcement learning to search for the feedback strategy of both parties. In the simulation, we verified the effectiveness of this method and showed that the stricter the platform regulation, the more conducive to the formation of consensus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/auto-2023-0200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T14:22:34Z","timestamp":1736173354000},"page":"50-60","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Modeling propagation competition between hostile influential groups using opinion dynamics"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Yuhong","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Automatic Control Engineering (LSR) , Technical University of Munich , Munich , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Automatic Control Engineering (LSR) , Technical University of Munich , Munich , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fangzhou","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Modeling and Simulation for Complex Systems , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Buss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Automatic Control Engineering (LSR) , Technical University of Munich , Munich , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025010614222792805_j_auto-2023-0200_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. 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