{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T10:34:23Z","timestamp":1777545263148,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n Gain in knowledge in experimental fields of research is mostly achieved using commercial hardware platforms. The linked costs however can limit a broad access by scientists and in the specific case of mechanical ventilation the pandemic demonstrated that further and collective research is essential and necessary. This contribution presents the modular design and implementation of a research platform which is based on STM32 Nucleo boards and Simulink\u00ae<\/jats:sup>. The hardware required such as the pneumatic circuit are covered as well as the software architecture in which clinician related settings are processed for control references. The core functionality of mandatory volume controlled (VCV) and pressure controlled ventilation (PCV) while ensuring a positive end-expiratory pressure for the patient \n \n \n \n (<\/m:mo>\n \n PEEP<\/m:mtext>\n <\/m:mrow>\n )<\/m:mo>\n <\/m:mrow>\n <\/m:math>\n \n$(\\text{PEEP})$\n<\/jats:tex-math>\n \n <\/jats:alternatives>\n <\/jats:inline-formula> is evaluated and the foundational software models are published in a repository.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/auto-2023-0209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T09:13:32Z","timestamp":1715073212000},"page":"476-483","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["An open-source research platform for mechanical ventilation based on Simulink\u00ae<\/sup> and STM32 nucleo"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Felix","family":"R\u00f6hren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair for Medical Information Technology , RWTH-Aachen University , Aachen , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"von Platen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair for Medical Information Technology , RWTH-Aachen University , Aachen , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arnhold","family":"Lohse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair for Medical Information Technology , RWTH-Aachen University , Aachen , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Kniesburges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair for Medical Information Technology , RWTH-Aachen University , Aachen , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Br\u00fctt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Research Institution for Individualized and Cell-Based Medical Engineering , L\u00fcbeck , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Leonhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair for Medical Information Technology , RWTH-Aachen University , Aachen , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marian","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair for Medical Information Technology , RWTH-Aachen University , Aachen , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025022009450639721_j_auto-2023-0209_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Dar, L. Swamy, D. Gavin, and A. Theodore, \u201cMechanical-ventilation supply and options for the covid-19 pandemic. leveraging all available resources for a limited resource in a crisis,\u201d Ann. Am. Thorac. Soc., vol.\u00a018, no.\u00a03, pp.\u00a0408\u2013416, 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1513\/annalsats.202004-317cme.","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202004-317CME"},{"key":"2025022009450639721_j_auto-2023-0209_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. M. Pearce, \u201cA review of open source ventilators for covid-19 and future pandemics,\u201d F1000Research, vol. 9, no. 9, p. 218, 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.22942.2.","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.22942.2"},{"key":"2025022009450639721_j_auto-2023-0209_ref_003","unstructured":"Medicines & Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, \u201cSpecification for Ventilators to be used in UK Hospitals during the Coronavirus (Covid-19) Outbreak,\u201d GOV.UK [Online]. Available at: https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/specification-for-ventilators-to-be-used-in-uk-hospitals-during-the-coronavirus-covid-19-outbreak Accessed: Mar. 20, 2020."},{"key":"2025022009450639721_j_auto-2023-0209_ref_004","unstructured":"M. Walter, A. Stollenwerk, L. Eckstein, S. Kowalewski, and S. Leonhardt, \u201cPV1000 \u2013 Interdisziplin\u00e4re Entwicklung eines Pandemie-Beatmungsger\u00e4tes,\u201d in MT-2022 Tagungsband, 2022 [Online], p. 169. Available at: https:\/\/www.vdi-mechatroniktagung.de\/images\/programm\/MT2022_Tagungsband.pdf."},{"key":"2025022009450639721_j_auto-2023-0209_ref_005","unstructured":"Chairs of Medical Information Technology (MedIT) and Computer Science 11 \u2013 Embedded Software at RWTH Aachen University, \u201cPV1000 \u2013 The People\u2019s Ventilator: Lebensretter aus Aachen,\u201d [Online]. Available at: https:\/\/www.pv1000.de\/ Accessed: Oct. 27, 2023."},{"key":"2025022009450639721_j_auto-2023-0209_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. LaChance, et al.., \u201cPvp1-the people\u2019s ventilator project: a fully open, low-cost, pressure-controlled ventilator research platform compatible with adult and pediatric uses,\u201d PLoS One, vol.\u00a017, no.\u00a05, p.\u00a0e0266810, 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0266810.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0266810"},{"key":"2025022009450639721_j_auto-2023-0209_ref_007","unstructured":"J. Saunders, \u201cThe people\u2019s ventilator project \u2014 pvp 0.2.0 documentation,\u201d [Online]. Available at: https:\/\/www.peoplesvent.org\/en\/latest\/index.html Accessed: Feb. 04, 2024."},{"key":"2025022009450639721_j_auto-2023-0209_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. LaChance, et al.., \u201cPvp1\u2013the people\u2019s ventilator project: a fully open, low-cost, pressure-controlled ventilator,\u201d medRxiv, p.\u00a02020.10.02.20206037, 2020.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.10.02.20206037"},{"key":"2025022009450639721_j_auto-2023-0209_ref_009","unstructured":"D. Abel and A. Bollig, Rapid control prototyping: Methoden und Anwendungen, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Springer, C, 2006."},{"key":"2025022009450639721_j_auto-2023-0209_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. D. Vasquez Plaza, J. F. Patarroyo-Montenegro, and F. Andrade, \u201cDevelopment and implementation of a low-cost research platform for control applications for inverter-based generators,\u201d in 2020 22nd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE\u201920 ECCE Europe), Lyon, France, 2020, pp. 1\u20139.","DOI":"10.23919\/EPE20ECCEEurope43536.2020.9215832"},{"key":"2025022009450639721_j_auto-2023-0209_ref_011","unstructured":"The MathWorks, Inc., \u201cSimulink\u00ae Coder\u00ae support package for STMicroelectronics\u00ae Nucleo boards,\u201d [Online]. Available at: https:\/\/de.mathworks.com\/hardware-support\/stm32.html Accessed: Oct. 27, 2023."},{"key":"2025022009450639721_j_auto-2023-0209_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Leonhardt and M. Walter, Eds., Medizintechnische Systeme: Physiologische Grundlagen, Ger\u00e4tetechnik und automatisierte Therapief\u00fchrung, 1st ed. Berlin, Springer Vieweg, 2016 [Online]. Available at: https:\/\/link.springer.com\/book\/10.1007\/978-3-642-41239-4.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-41239-4"},{"key":"2025022009450639721_j_auto-2023-0209_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. G. Ziegler and N. B. Nichols, \u201cOptimum settings for automatic controllers,\u201d J. Dyn. Syst., Meas., Control, vol.\u00a0115, no.\u00a02B, pp.\u00a0220\u2013222, 1993. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/1.2899060.","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2899060"}],"container-title":["at - Automatisierungstechnik"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/auto-2023-0209\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/auto-2023-0209\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T09:49:52Z","timestamp":1740044992000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/auto-2023-0209\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/auto-2023-0209"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/auto-2023-0209","relation":{},"ISSN":["0178-2312","2196-677X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0178-2312","type":"print"},{"value":"2196-677X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]}}}