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Schulz,\nMultigrid methods for PDE optimization,\nSIAM Rev. 51 (2009), no. 2, 361\u2013395.","DOI":"10.1137\/060671590"},{"key":"2025010318340224240_j_cmam-2023-0132_ref_007","unstructured":"J. H. Bramble,\nMultigrid Methods,\nPitman Res. Notes in Math. Ser. 294,\nJohn Wiley & Sons, New York, 1993."},{"key":"2025010318340224240_j_cmam-2023-0132_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. C. Brenner,\nPoincar\u00e9\u2013Friedrichs inequalities for piecewise \n                  \n                     \n                        \n                           H\n                           1\n                        \n                     \n                     \n                     H^{1}\n                  \n                functions,\nSIAM J. Numer. Anal. 41 (2003), no. 1, 306\u2013324.","DOI":"10.1137\/S0036142902401311"},{"key":"2025010318340224240_j_cmam-2023-0132_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. C. Brenner, J. Cui, T. Gudi and L.-Y. Sung,\nMultigrid algorithms for symmetric discontinuous Galerkin methods on graded meshes,\nNumer. Math. 119 (2011), no. 1, 21\u201347.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00211-011-0379-y"},{"key":"2025010318340224240_j_cmam-2023-0132_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. C. Brenner, J. Cui and L.-Y. Sung,\nMultigrid methods for the symmetric interior penalty method on graded meshes,\nNumer. Linear Algebra Appl. 16 (2009), no. 6, 481\u2013501.","DOI":"10.1002\/nla.630"},{"key":"2025010318340224240_j_cmam-2023-0132_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. C. Brenner, H. Li and L.-Y. Sung,\nMultigrid methods for saddle point problems: Stokes and Lam\u00e9 systems,\nNumer. Math. 128 (2014), no. 2, 193\u2013216.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00211-014-0607-3"},{"key":"2025010318340224240_j_cmam-2023-0132_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. C. Brenner, H. Li and L.-Y. Sung,\nMultigrid methods for saddle point problems: Oseen system,\nComput. Math. 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Ta\u2019asan,\n\u201cOne-shot\u201d methods for optimal control of distributed parameter systems 1: Finite dimensional control,\nTechnical Report IICASE-Report 91-2, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, 1991."},{"key":"2025010318340224240_j_cmam-2023-0132_ref_042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. Tr\u00f6ltzsch,\nOptimal Control of Partial Differential Equations: Theory, Methods, and Applications,\nGrad. Stud. Math. 112,\nAmerican Mathematical Society, Providence, 2010.","DOI":"10.1090\/gsm\/112\/07"},{"key":"2025010318340224240_j_cmam-2023-0132_ref_043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. W. Walker,\nFELICITY: A MATLAB\/C++ toolbox for developing finite element methods and simulation modeling,\nSIAM J. Sci. 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